Religion 120 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Religion 120 - Essay Example In Christianity, it is believed that the Jesus Christ is incarnation of God and Jesus could be viewed as representative of the mystical thoughts held by the Christians. In Sufi Islam, it is believed that the Prophet Muhammad was directed called by God and the angel Gabriel took him to the God. There are several incidents and his life that have been reported as mystical encounters like Quran has been viewed as the divine exposure conveyed by God to the heart of the Prophet (Lewis and Mark, p54). It is strongly believed in Judaism, Christianity and Islam that the human beings are guided by God through revelation to the prophets. In each of these religions there is great importance of Holy Scriptures because these scriptures contain teachings and principles for people to guide their lives accordingly. In Judaism, the holy scriptures are grounded in Torah and first five books of Hebrew Bible. The Christians consult the Bible for seeking guidance in different matters of their lives whereas Quran is the Holy sculpture of Islam that declares that no more Holy Scripture will come after it. These scriptures tend to have very strong impact upon the lives of the followers because they contain the information about the background and historical development of the respective religion and also explicitly explain the ways of spending lives and guide the followers to act and behave in certain manner (Hourani et al, p176). Oral traditions formed the base of Islam, Christianity and Judaism and all these three religions affirm the importance of oral traditions especially during the early phase. Islam is based on oral traditions because thousand years ago when Prophet Muhammad preached people about Islam there was mean of properly keeping the records and even Quran remain unwritten but transmitted to people orally for several years. Similarly, in Christianity

Orca Whales- Greek God of the Underworld Essay Example for Free

Orca Whales- Greek God of the Underworld Essay There are three different types of Orcas species documented to date; resident, transient and offshore pods. The resident pods are separated geographically speaking and have been documented living spring, summer, and fall near the Washington coastline and have been spotted as far south as the Central California coastline. They have been spotted in the Puget Sound, Vancouver Island, Strait of Juan de Fuca, and the Southern Georgia Strait. While little is known about their movements; genetic data does suggest that these whales do not usually mingle with those from the other species. The Southern Resident Pod is currently on the endangered species list and is protected by the Marine Mammal Protection Act (MMPA) and a distinct species under the Endangered Species Act. There are 88 whales currently listed on the list for the resident whales that researchers have documented using the whales saddle patch’s as a signature to name and number each whale. All whales have a distinct marking behind their upper dorsal fin that in reference to humans would be like their own finger print; no two are alike. The resident pod is usually led by an older and wiser female whale and they usually stay together in large pods. They swim and hunt together. The male whales on average can grow up to 24 feet in length and weigh between 7 to 10 tons. They typically live up to 30 years but can live up to 50 to 60 years. The females on average grow up to 21 feet in length and weigh between 4 to 6 tons. They typically live up to 50 years but can live up to 80 to 90 years. These averages usually vary if they are in the wild or captivity. The pods grow to large numbers as the young never leave their mother’s side; so there will be times when multiple generations will be swimming side by side. While resident whales prefer fish their counterpart the transient prefers marine mammals. The transient pods are not as reliable as their counterpart the resident in that they do not live in large pods and usually have a family of only ten whales or less. They do not rely on the mother figure to lead the group as the resident whales do. The transient pods diet is often geographically specific. They share their boundaries with both resident and the offshore whales. The offshore orca pods are typically smaller in size and they are less sexual dimorphism; both the male and female share the same features and appear less visually different. The resident pod and the transient pods have distinct differences between the male and female whales; not only is the male a larger mammal the male also has a top dorsal fin that can reach up to 5 to 6 feet out of the water while the female fin is not as profound. These different Orca species do share some common features as well; the orca is a highly sociable and curious mammal. They communicate with one another using clicks, whistles, and pulsed calls. Orcas prefer cool waters and rely on echolocation for navigation and discriminating between prey and other surrounding objects. Each species may have their own dialect as people do from different parts of the world. All three pod species also can share some of the same threats that are endangering their species all together. The Orca has no one to fear except for the human being; there is not an animal in the ocean that they fear. The threats that come can be from contaminants in the water, to depletion of their prey, a ship collision or oil spills. Whales can be threatened by noise, industry and even military activities. There is also the possibility of being caught in a fisherman’s line.

Julius Caesar :: essays papers

Julius Caesar In the book Julius Caesar, by William Shakespeare, Cassius and the conspirators depicted Caesar as being ambitious. He was also said to not be ambitious by Mark Antony. He was, however, ambitious. This is because he refused the crown three times, he did not listen to the warnings that people gave him throughout the book, and he did not end the punishment he placed upon Metellus Cimber^s brother, Publius Cimber. These were all acts of ambition. On the Lupercal, Mark Antony presented Caesar with a crown. Caesar then proceeded to turn down the crown three times. The reason he did this is because the crown was not the real one, but only a coronet. This is known when Casca tells Brutus and Caesar, ^I saw Mark Antony offer him a crown (yet ^twas not a crown neither; ^twas one of those coronets), and as I told you, he put it by once; but for all that, to my thinking, he would fain have had it.^ The reason that this was ambitious is because it shows that he wanted more than they offered him and that he wasn^t satisfied with just that. It also shows that he feels that he is too good for it. After he turned down the crown, the people watching yelled because they wanted him to take the crown. This shows he does not listen to others. Throughout the book, Caesar received many warnings about his death. All of these warnings he refused. The Soothsayer told him to ^beware the Ides of March,^ Calphurnia told him about her dreams, the owl was seen in the capitol during the daytime, the slaves hand caught on fire, and the sky spit fire. All of these were warnings that Caesar did not listen to. He pushed away the Soothsayer and said, ^He is a dreamer. Let us leave him. Pass.^ This shows that he will not accept advice from anyone. If he does this, then he will be a tyrant. When Calphurnia told him about her dream, he did not listen to her. Instead, he listened to flattery, which he said he disliked. These shows that he was also a hypocrite and that he would only listen to or do what sounded better for him. All of these things reveal that he has a huge ego. This is ambitious because a person with a big ego will only do things that will benefit him. Before Caesar is stabbed, Metellus Cimber and the conspirators approach him and ask him to let Publius Cimber back into the kingdom.

Great Gatsby: Fitzgeralds Criticism Of The American Dream Essay

Great Gatsby: Fitzgerald's Criticism of The American Dream The American Dream, as it arose in the Colonial period and developed in the nineteenth century, was based on the assumption that each person, no matter what his origins, could succeed in life on the sole basis of his or her own skill and effort. The dream was embodied in the ideal of the self-made man, just as it was embodied in Fitzgerald's own family by his grandfather, P. F. McQuillan. Fitzgerald's novel takes its place among other novels whose insights into the nature of the American dream have not affected the artistic form of the novel itself. The Great Gatsby serves as Fitzgerald's critique of the American dream.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Great Gatsby embodies a criticism of America and the American experience, more radical than any other author has attempted. The theme of the novel is the destruction of the American dream during the 1920s, a period when the vulgar pursuit of material happiness has corrupted the old values that gave substance to the dream. The characters are Midwesterners who have come East in pursuit of this new dream of money, fame, success, glamour, and excitement. Tom and Daisy must have a huge house, a stable of polo ponies, and friends in Europe. Gatsby must have his enormous mansion before he can feel confident enough to try to win Daisy. Fitzgerald does not criticize the American dream itself but the corruption of that dream. What was once for Ben Franklin or Thomas Jefferson ...

Cultural Imperialism in Ake Essay

In the advancement of European empires, the widespread approach to colonizing foreign lands was through violence. The Europeans would arrive in new territories with their sophisticated weapons and ideals, and would forcibly subjugate the indigenous people. However, in the instance of the English colonization of Nigeria’s town Ake, the English colonists implemented colonization through cultural imperialism. The English began implementing their process of cultural imperialism through converting the people of Ake into their religion, Christianity. The English, like most colonizing countries, understood that influencing the Nigerian people would come much easier once they were under religious control. The English utilized the brilliant ploy of employing Nigerians to spread Christianity to their own people. The Nigerians who compromised and promoted English concepts were rewarded for their deeds. For example Wole Soyinka’s family was rewarded by being given the security of a parsonage. However, this was actually given as a result of Essay’s contribution to the spread of English education, through his position as headmaster of the school. Education, therefore, became another aspect of English culture used to promote cultural imperialism in Ake. The Nigerians were made to assimilate many English ideals through the education process, which commenced at a young age. The English also required the Nigerians to study their language. By teaching the people of Ake English, the English colonists were able to engrave their ideals into them. The education system furthermore was able to be used to keep a watchful eye on the students, and to control the mindsets of the best and brightest of them. This use of cultural imperialism helped prevent Nigerian intellectuals from becoming political opponents. The English accomplished this by having a government school for advanced students. Although the English didn’t openly colonize the Nigerians through violence, there was a subtle form of violence often used to inscribe English beliefs through education and religion. For example Wole Soyinka had Christian beliefs beat into him by the frequent use of â€Å"the rod† at home, and English manners impressed upon him by principal Daodu’s use of â€Å"the rod† at school. Additionally, the English colonists imparted the technological cultural luxuries of electricity and the radio on Wole’s family. This made them even more dependent on English ways. The installation of the radio into the Soyinka household played an important role of cultural imperialism by introducing the English culture directly into their home. The media can have an incredible influence on a society. As mentioned in the The Years of Childhood, Essay and his friends became obsessed with listening to the news on the radio. Thus the English were now capable of distorting daily events by controlling the news. An important incentive for Europeans to colonize in Africa was taxation, so it too was used to implement cultural imperialism. The wealth accumulated through taxation was a main factor in the economic success of European nations. Taxation was particularly harsh on Ake’s women. This was so much so that the Nigerians started an uprising to abolish taxes on women. As the English knew, to keep the men of a country under control, they first had to satisfy the country’s women and ultimately agreed to abolish the taxation on women.

Summary Entrepreneuring as Emancipation Essays

Summary Entrepreneuring as Emancipation Essays Summary Entrepreneuring as Emancipation Essay Summary Entrepreneuring as Emancipation Essay There exist four main approaches about what entrepreneurs distinguishes from managers: (1) creation of new organizations, (2) high-growth, high- wealth-creating businesses, (3) innovations and creation Of new products and arrests, and (4) recognition and pursuit of profitable opportunities. The underlying assumption is that wealth creation is a fundamental goal of entrepreneurial efforts. Jim Corona: he provides anecdotal evidence that individuals often engage in entrepreneurial for motives other than wealth. Corona was a senior vice president at a large long-distance telephone provider and he stated that decisions came too slow, he had too little control of the work environment, and all corporate decisions were dominated by their impact on next quarters earnings. His CEO asked him to lay off employees in Corpsmans hometown in order to boost the quarterly earnings, however he refused and left the company. He then created his own company to provide jobs for sixty of his laid-off neighbors. This start-up motivation is the intent of the Special Topic Forum (SST) and this article. The given definition of entrepreneurial is consistent with prior research in terms of the creation of newness. The objective of this article is to extend and complement this research. Two goals in this article: (1 ) broaden the focus of entrepreneurship research by drawing attention to the emancipators aspects of entrepreneurial and (2) introducing the papers contained in the SST and elate them to the emancipators perspective. Entrepreneurial Business et al suggested an overarching framework that characterizes entrepreneurship in three nouns: (1) entrepreneurs, (2) new ventures, and (3) opportunities. This focus has been valuable, however it also limits the research attention given to the actions and processes that constitute the domain Of entrepreneurship. TO promote attention to research that investigates the doing the call for SST papers is framed in terms of entrepreneurial, following Wick his idea that verbs draw attention to actions and processes geared toward change creation. Additionally, using entrepreneurial encourage researches to study a broader set of actions intended not only to create new wealth but also to bring about new states in relevant economic, social, institutional, and cultural environments. To direct more research to the study of entrepreneurial activities as generators of change, a perspective is developed on why and how entrepreneurial can be viewed as an emancipators process. Emancipators refers to the act of setting free from the power of another. Viewing entrepreneurial projects as emancipators efforts focuses on understanding he factors that cause individuals to seek to disrupt the status quo and change their position in the social order in which they are embedded. The need to develop this perspective arises as the motivation for entrepreneurial is a desire for freedom and independence from conventional structures of authority and income generation. Entrepreneurship research needs to give closer consideration to entrepreneurs dreams for autonomy and change and the processes through which these dreams may be accomplished. Emancipators entrepreneurial When entrepreneurial is viewed through an emancipators lens, there exist here core elements: (1) seeking autonomy, (2) authoring, and (3) making declarations (TABLE 1). Entrepreneurial efforts may involve breaking free from authority and breaking up perceived constraints. These constraints can be of an intellectual, psychological, economic, social, institutional or cultural nature. With regard to taking actions, authoring and making declarations locate an entrepreneurial project in the domains of organization resource exchanges and managing stakeholder interpretations. Seeking autonomy Autonomy is a goal of emancipation which is defined as breaking free from he authority of another. The hope for autonomy is one of the main drivers of efforts to become self-employed. Breaking free suggests the desire to make ones own way in the world, breaking up draws attention to the striving to imagine and create a better world. Analyzing the seeking autonomy aspects of entrepreneurial opens up the following directions in entrepreneurship research: The breaking up aspect of emancipation resonates with the Centenarians view of entrepreneurship as creative destruction. However, the emancipators view goes beyond the Centenarians view by attending to tooth the breaking free and the breaking up. Example: how do entrepreneurial efforts may be affected by different conceptualizations of autonomy? Escaping the default individualist assumptions derived from the disciplines of psychology and economics that have informed it, and theorizing and researching both deeply individualist and social aspects. It involves the breaking up of constraints. The emancipators perspective sees creative destruction as one of its goals (instead of the mean). Entrepreneurial individuals and groups often solve technological and other problems because hey are internally motivated to change their worlds. The emancipators perspective suggests that understanding the constraints that entrepreneurial individuals seek to overcome may give us better insights into the process through which entrepreneurs create (first change, then opportunities). The emancipators perspective suggests that entrepreneurship research should more closely consider the social change agendas inherent in many entrepreneurial projects in order to understand their emancipators potential. It would suggest that a distinction is not only unnecessary but potentially not laid, since many entrepreneurs seek to improve their economic positions through the impact of broader social change. Authoring As emancipators means breaking free and autonomy, taking ownership of oneself, of one acts, and of becoming a trader. The entrepreneur must necessarily attend to the variety of relationships, structures, norms, and rules within which an entrepreneurial project is undertaken. Existing research tends to emphasize how gaining support from structures of power and authority ensures the success of acts of breaking free. Individuals who seek redeem and independence, often find that they become controlled by the arrangements they make to gain legitimacy and access to resources. Viewed from an emancipators perspective, entrepreneurial involves authoring defining relationships, arrangements, and rules of engagement that preserve and potentially enhance the change potential of a given entrepreneurial project. Authoring does not refer to an outright rejection of all established norms and forms of authority but designing arrangements. The emancipators perspective emphasizes the need to consider the possibilities for resource obligation through authoring as a process for protecting the emancipators potential of new ventures. A key direction for entrepreneurship research suggested by the concept of authoring is to examine the conditions and processes through which entrepreneurs can effect such trading of places. Authoring generally about attending to the variety of relationships, structures, norms, and rules within which the entrepreneurial project is undertaken. Entrepreneurship research can make important contributions by directing greater research attention to the creative authoring of relationships and rules wrought which entrepreneurs can Pleasure their dreams and create change. Making declarations Making of declarations: unambiguous discursive and rhetorical acts regarding the actors intentions to create change. The idea of making declarations points to the need to position the project in the webs of meaning within which stakeholders interpret the value of products and activities. Existing research recognizes the importance of activities that influence established patterns of meaning for the success of new ventures. It has analyzed how symbolic and cultural resources, and symbolic actions are deployed to influence the interpretations of stakeholders. An emancipators perspective suggests that rather than disguising the difference associated with entrepreneurial activities and masking the potential contradictions through legitimating activities, entrepreneurial may involve explicitly exposing contradictions in an effort to generate stakeholder support for the intended change in the status quo. The idea of making declarations suggests several new directions: Making declarations raises consequential questions of intuit should be said and how? (signaling and disclosure), who gets to Say and who am I to say? voice), and who out there cares? (audiences). Enables researchers to consider more systematically the inevitability of concentrations arising once declarations are made. The need to systematically examine the use of cultural and symbolic resources for effecting change, rather than acquiring legitimacy. An emancipators perspective suggests the need to attend to the institutional work that accompanies entrepreneurial activities and the constitution of new institutions around new products, projects and activities. The SST articles (4) A limitation of the existing research is that it almost exclusively examines entrepreneurship within formal economies, however, a huge amount of commerce takes place within the informal economy (that segment of economic activity that is illegal within a society but is viewed as legitimate by sizable groups within the society).

Explaining Hagar Sarah Analogy In Galatians 4 Religion Essay Essays

Explaining Hagar Sarah Analogy In Galatians 4 Religion Essay Essays Explaining Hagar Sarah Analogy In Galatians 4 Religion Essay Paper Explaining Hagar Sarah Analogy In Galatians 4 Religion Essay Paper The church at Galatia, founded by Paul was at a point of instability. In Paul s absence they were introduced to the jurisprudence by some Judaizers from Jerusalem, who insisted on the Circumcision stand foring the compact of God with Abraham. Their claim was that to be saved one must maintain the jurisprudence and Circumcision. Paul had antecedently preached Jesus to the Galatians but in his absence these Hebrews from Jerusalem came prophesying the jurisprudence to the Gentiles. It is to this terminal that Paul writes to the Galatians, with the exclusive purpose of re-establishing the undiluted message of redemption that he had antecedently preached to them. In seeking to clearly present his message, Paul uses the Hagar-Sarah analogy, together with historical and cultural allusions to drive place his point to the Gentiles and to rectify the false instruction that they had received. The intent of this essay therefore is to supply an analysis of the Sarah Hagar analogy as used by Paul in the book of Galatians 4. Hagar-Sarah Analogy The term analogy refers to similarity or comparing, etc. Analogy plays a important function in job resolution, determination devising, perceptual experience, memory, creativeness, emotion, account and communicating. The primary intent of analogy is to exemplify and cast visible radiation on one country of cognition by mention to a similar, for case Paul uses the Hagar-Sarah analogy to rebut false instructions. The apostle Paul was faced with a undertaking of rectifying unorthodoxies taught by some Judaizers. The textual and historical stuff suggests that their instruction hindered the Christians at Galatia, doing them to follow after the jurisprudence of Circumcision. Hebrews came from Jerusalem learning that what Paul had taught could non be taken at face value, his instructions and apostleship were questioned, and to the Galatians this must hold been true, since this message was coming from Jews from Jerusalem, the 1s who received the jurisprudence, Abraham s posterities. Their message was that an person can non merely accept Jesus and make off with the jurisprudence ; accepting Jesus is good but one besides needs to maintain the Law of Moses every bit good as partake in Circumcision of the flesh ( foreskin ) . Even the cursory reader of Galatians could non neglect to experience the force of Paul s righteous choler. In Galatians 3:1, he charges: You foolish Galatians! Who has bewitched you? It would look that Paul was annoyed by the Galatian s attitude of accepting another message apart from the message they had foremost received. The philosophy of the Judaizers displeased Paul so much that he made a comparing of Hagar and Sarah. The Hagar-Sarah analogy represents bondage which is found in detecting the Law of Moses and freedom which is found in Jesus Christ. At this occasion it is of import to give a briefing on these two adult females. Hagar Hagar was the slave or housemaid of Sarah, who gave birth to a boy on Sarah s petition in an effort to carry through God s promise, Genesis 16:1-2. Hagar s boy mocked Isaac after he was wean, this angered Sarah who sent Hagar and her boy off, observing that her boy would non portion in Isaac s the heritage, Genesis 21:8-10. It would look that Hagar was the chief parent in her boy s life as there is no record in Bible to bespeak that she was married, Genesis 21 ; 20. Some believe that the Keturah spoken of in Genesis 25:1 that Abraham married refer to Hagar. On rating of this theory, it can be stated that Hagar was an Egyptian, Genesis 16:1, whilst some school of idea suggest that Keturah was an Ethiopian. In add-on, Hagar was stated as giving birth to one boy, viz. , Ishmael. The Bibles record that Ishmael would be blessed and 12 states would come from him ( 1 histories 1:29 ) . Keturah on the other manus is noted in Genesis 25:2 and 1 Histories 1:32 as holding six boies, Ishmael s name was non mentioned. These biblical mentions do non favor Keturah as Ishmael s female parent, but instead Hagar. Hence it can be deduced that Hagar and Keturah are different people. Sarah Sarah was the married woman of Abraham, the adult male whom Bible refers to as believing God, who in bend God credited him as righteous, Genesis 15:6. Sarah was a low adult female. She was the female parent of Isaac, the lone boy that she gave birth to in her old age. Sarah was besides the proprietor of a housemaid or break ones back miss, Genesis 16:1. Subsequently her name was changed by God from Sarai to Sarah because of God s compact with them, Genesis 17:15. So, Sarah was a free adult female, decently married ; the bearer, along with Abraham her Husband of God s Promises. This analogy which Paul presents is of great significance, it shows what is of import to the Christian experience and endurance. Through chapters one to four there is a patterned advance, in which Paul addresses the distractions which came against the belief of the Galatians into following another Gospel. The 4th chapter high spots an analogy which is geared to gnaw the instructions of the Judaizers. There is a school of idea which hold that Paul does non give a right history of Bible because of the manner in which he uses this analogy ; grounds of this can be seen in the work of Tondo, who suggest that Paul was a false prophesier because he tried to invalidate the importance of the jurisprudence in his Sarah Hagar analogy. Another school nevertheless asserts that Paul s usage of this analogy is appropriate because it proves to the Galatians and Judaizers that the lone manner for them to be justified or made righteous is by the sacrificial decease of Christ on the cross. He does this by indicating his audience to the failing of the Law, comparing it to Hagar the slave miss. His statement meant that works or human attempt would non be sufficient to set world in right standing with God. This is seen in the manner he links two adult females and their boies. In Galatians 4:22-23 Paul focuses on the two boies and the two adult females or female parents associated with Abraham. Paul first introduces the boies non by their names, indicating to Bible by utilizing the word written in verse 22 to examine into or to foreground the insufficiencies of the Judaizers apprehension of Bible. This word written is merely to admit that it is stated in the Old Testament scriptures. Evidence of the usage of this word written , to intend the Law is besides seen in the ministry of Jesus Christ, Matthew 4:4. Paul goes farther to talk of one boy who is born of a slave adult female ; neither boy nor female parent s name being given. He so introduces another boy and female parent whose names are besides non mentioned. In this instance this female parent is acknowledged as a free adult female. When one speaks of slave it carries the thought of one non being in control of his or her life and is owned by person else. In this instance it can be implied that since the female parent is owned by person, the boy automatically is owned by the same individual. The slave adult female and her boy are contrasted with the free adult female and her boy. This portrays the free adult female and her boy as non being slaves or in bondage to anyone. Paul continues by indicating out the mode of birth of both boies. He foremost refers to the slave adult female s, boy s birth as ordinary. The idea which Paul seems to convey is that it did non necessitate a particular miracle in the birth of this boy, instead it was done out of human attempt and pick. Additionally, the Apostle purports that the free adult female s boy is as a consequence of a promise, which seems to bespeak that the lone ground that this free adult female gave birth to a boy is as a consequence of a promise or understanding and this promise was given by God. This can be substantiated by the Genesis history in chapter 21:1-2. Ridderbos cited in Boles noted that Isaac s birth was so unnatural it prompted some Judaic theologists to construe it as a virgin birth. Boles farther explained that Isaac s birth signifies the grace of God on the lives of those who are non able to utilize their attempt to carry through something desired. Paul now expounds on the analogy of the free adult female and the slave adult female. It is interesting that Paul uses these adult females to talk of two compacts. His attack is to contrast the Judaizers philosophy to that of freedom found in Jesus Christ. At this point it is of import to analyze the compacts that the Apostle references in verse 24 of Galatians 4. In analyzing these compacts it is indispensable that one understands what a compact is to better appreciate why the Apostle chose to show himself in this mode. Covenants by and large speak of particular understandings between two or several parties as cited by. Paul hence represents Hagar as the compact given at Mount Sinai which gives birth to kids who are to be slaves, Galatians 4:24. On nearing this poetry it seems that Paul is showing a false instruction by foregrounding Hagar s kids, seeing that she had one boy as reflected in Genesis 16:15. He farther remarks that Hagar speaks of Mount Sinai in Arabia which reflects the present metropolis of Jerusalem, because she is in bondage with her kids, Galatians 4:25. The Apostle s intervention of these poetries, 24-25 indicates that this compact which represents Hagar is the jurisprudence given at Mount Sinai and her kids are the people to whom it was given. This response to the Judaizers seems to propose that their reading of the Genesis history carried greater truth than they were cognizant of and that they could non maintain the jurisprudence absolutely therefore they tried to detect the ju risprudence by their attempts and in so making it would neer convey about redemption but like Abraham it is merely in God s boy, Abraham s seed Jesus Christ can one be made justified or declared Righteous by God. Paul references Mount Sinai in Arabia and the present metropolis of Jerusalem and her kids, which in this instance would be mentioning to the Judaizers, to be in bondage due to their disbelief in Jesus Christ entirely. These two poetries appear to intend the same thing it hence indicates the Paul uses them to emphasize his point. A contrasting position is so used in verse 26 of Galatians 4 to show a Jerusalem non the present metropolis of Jerusalem. Paul shows her as the one that is above to indicate out that she is at a higher degree than the present metropolis indicating that she is free or non in bondage and is our female parent, our mentioning to himself and the Galatians Christians. This taken into position would intend that the kids of Sarah would include everyone who is free, intending the Galatians who foremost accepted the Gospel of redemption which is found merely in Jesus Christ and by the credence or religion in this Gospel they are made free and declared righteous in the sight of God. Paul returns in poetry 28 by confirming his stance that Galatians Christians are in a better place than the Judaizers. He does this by placing them with Isaac as the kids of promise, non the posterities of Abraham who have non received Jesus as Lord of their lives. Paul so moves on to repeat his point in poetry 29 by showing a historical scene of Ishmael, who is non mentioned in this chapter, Genesis 21:8-10. Normally the first Born who in this instance was Ishmael, inherits from the male parent. However it did non use in this case because the promise was given entirely to Abraham and Sarah and hence could non be applied to Abraham and Hagar. The apostle equates the mocking or persecution of the Galatians to the unorthodoxy promoted by the Judaizers as similar to Ishmael and Isaac, in that the Galatians, like Isaac, were the rightful inheritors of the promise, therefore the statement of the Judaizers had no footing. Paul so sought to contextualize the jurisprudence that the Judaizers held on to by explicating the restrictions of the jurisprudence by doing a comparing between the free adult female and the bond adult female. He put the issue into perspective by clarifying that the bond adult female, like the jurisprudence dullard no relevancy to the dispensation of Grace, John 1:12-13 and 17. Consequently, Christ is presented as the lone manner that the Galatians Christians are free and called kids of freedom, Galatians 4:31. Decision In drumhead therefore, the chief subject of Paul s Hagar-Sarah analogy used by Apostle Paul in Galatians 4 is to rebut the philosophy of the Judaizers. He does this by foregrounding the cardinal failing of their place. Theirs was a philosophy of bondage his was one of freedom in and through Christ. His was reliable because it was rooted in the compact ; theirs was non. In order to drive place and seal his statement, Paul s historical and cultural allusion would non hold been lost on their readers, peculiarly the Judaizers who were legalizing their philosophy by mentioning to their Judaic heritage. Paul uses the really thing that they relied on to sabotage their place.

How Climate Change Is Affecting California Professor Ramos Blog

How Climate Change Is Affecting California Will Climate Change leave California a disintegrated, arid wasteland? What even is climate change in the first place? The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change states that climate change is simply ‘â€Å"any change in climate over time whether due to natural variability or as a result of human activity†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ in the article, What Is Climate Change? (Pielke Jr 31). Those who do not know very much about climate change will be granted a range of information specifically about California’s environment and how climate change is shifting it in many ways. Climate change is a very concerning topic for environmental scientists, but the concern shouldn’t be limited to them. This issue affects every Californian citizen, whether directly or indirectly. Climate change is a rather controversial subject because of the correlation between certain human activities and global warming, a type of climate change which has resulted in a slightly higher average worldwide te mperature in recent decades. An intimidating aspect of global warming that has already showed itself in recent times is a higher frequency of wildfires. Exploration of scientific journals and research explains how climate change is affecting California’s wildfire activity, weather patterns, and ecosystems. Through the evidence found, humans may better understand the role they play in the changing climate. According to the joint study by L. Mann and colleagues,  Incorporating Anthropogenic Influences into Fire Probability Models: Effects of Human Activity and Climate Change on Fire Activity in California, wildfire frequency is expected to increase with the changing climate in California (2). In order to support the data given in the article, the researchers use climate models, which are compiled calculations of future climate that use all potential effective factors to show the shifts in climate (2). However, even with these highly specialized forecasting projectors, wildfire frequency and location are still extremely difficult to predict (2). Human population growth in California and climate change variability lead to relatively no real way to extrapolate a wildfire. According to the same study, the majority of fires in the state are actually caused  by  people (2). An approximation of 95% of wildfires are instigated by people alone, which acts as evidence of the potential corre lation between population growth and increasing fire activity (L. Mann et al. 2). Climatic influences are still definitely present though. According to this same study, the number of wildfires is expected to grow with â€Å"increased spring and summer temperatures, early snowmelt, and decreased precipitation† (16). This is a valid prediction, as lower levels of rainfall cause a drier, more fire-prone landscape. From this study’s evidence and predictions, it can be concluded that both population growth and climate change are partially responsible for the increasing number of wildfires in California. To provide a broad idea of the future frequencies of wildfires, the authors state that â€Å"the total area burned in the state is estimated to increase from somewhere between +15 and 50%† which tells scientists that the state could potentially experience many more wildfires than normal (2). This article is useful because we can see some of the ways in which climate c hange is making predictability of wildfires more difficult for scientists. While wildfires are a hot topic in the climate change discussion, weather patterns are also crucial to this issue. What exactly does climate change mean for weather patterns in California? For California, it is all about temperature. According to the article, The Key Role of Heavy Precipitation Events in Climate Model Disagreements of Future Annual Precipitation Changes in California, the increasing temperatures in California are not necessarily causing a drop in the frequency of rain, but instead they are affecting the distribution (W. Pierce et al. 5880). Days with minimal rainfall are expected to decrease, while days of intense rainfall are projected to increase (W. Pierce et al. 5880). This increase in severely rainy days will mostly affect Northern California in the case of flooding and the damage it can cause (W. Pierce et al. 5885). Southern California is expected to have a slight decrease in the number of precipitation events, with a very small increase in intense precipitati on occurrences (W. Pierce et al. 5885). This means that overall, California will most likely experience less annual rainfall, but events of precipitation will be more intense at times (W. Pierce et al. 5885). From this information, it can be concluded that there is a strong possibility of more flooding in California, especially for the Northern side. It can also be concluded that there will indeed be more days with no precipitation. Turning to a different aspect of this subject of the climate warming, it is important to consider how ecosystems are adapting to this in California. According to the article by multiple authors, Predicting consequences of climate change for ecosystem functioning: variation across trophic levels, species and individuals, species’ reactions to rising temperatures vary. To test this, the members of this study conducted an experiment on three Californian marine species, A. Lacertosa (otherwise known as the sea flea), A. Sectimanus (a small crustacean), and   A. Angusta (another small crustacean). The experiment was conducted to observe potential effects that increased temperature had on these species’ biomass (overall mass of the species in the trial). Only one of the species, A. Lacertosa, had a dramatic increase in biomass with increasing temperatures. This experiment only accounts for a very small amount of marine life but it is important because it shows that temperat ure affects species in different ways. This was apparent later in the study when Ulva (otherwise known as sea lettuce) was negatively affected by temperature increase, as the A. Lacertosa’s dramatic population increase led to the Ulva being consumed faster than it could grow (J. Best et al.). According to the article, Adapting California’s Ecosystems to a Changing Climate, other ecosystems have different concerns, for instance, endangered desert species â€Å"such as the desert tortoise . . ., the desert bighorn sheep . . ., and the Mohave ground squirrel† are potentially even more at risk due to the warming climate and reduced precipitation (Chornesky et al. 252). While these species are a very small percentage of those effected by climate change, the danger that this issue presents for ecosystems is the dramatic altering that can occur. Ecosystems are important because they aid humans with â€Å"water storage and delivery, flood protection, nutrient cycling, carbon storage . . .,† and if they change, they may not be able to provide humans with those benefits (Chornesky et al. 247). Now that some of the effects of climate change have been discussed, data on human influence on California’s climate will be provided. The main type of climate change discussed so far has been global warming. This just so happens to be the main type of climate change that humans have influenced. To understand this, one must understand greenhouse gases, which are gases that allow the atmosphere to absorb and keep in heat. Greenhouse gases have always been around, Earth wouldn’t even be habitable without them, but they can have some negative effects when excessive amounts are in the atmosphere. The use of fossil fuels, which release greenhouse gases, as an energy source originally became widespread during the industrial revolution. That trend is still in play and continues to allow the emission of these gases into the atmosphere. This accumulation of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide and chlorofluorocarbons in the atmosphere is one of the causes of the increased aver age worldwide temperature. As mentioned before, greenhouse gases allow the absorption and containment of heat in the atmosphere. To back this up, Dr. Mark Trexler states in the article, Prospects for Future Climate Change and the Reasons for Early Action, that many â€Å"human activities contribute to the GHG emissions that are linked to global climate change† (Edgerton et al. 1393). To clarify, GHG stands for ‘greenhouse gas,’ and Trexler is saying that a lot of daily activities require energy that produces greenhouse gases which contribute to climate change both worldwide and in California. This should be a concern for all Californians because this is something for which nearly all citizens of the state are partially responsible. There are various ways in which climate change has affected various environmental subjects such as the adapting of ecosystems, shifting weather patterns, and the increasing frequency of wildfires. These data should be useful for ordinary Californian citizens who aren’t familiar with climate change. A brief idea was given of how wildfires are becoming more frequent with the warming California’s climate and human population growth, but predictability of these events is limited (L. Mann et al. 2). Ecosystems are affected by the rising temperatures differently, some are thriving and even overproducing, while others struggle (J. Best et al.). The weather itself is changing in California, people can expect less rainy days, but when it does rain, it might be quite a drenching (W. Pierce et al. 5885). The factor of human influence on the climate has been backed by a scientific article, so from that it can be concluded that humans are partially responsible for the climate change we are experiencing today, mainly global warming (Edgerton et al. 1393). The climate change discussion an is important one, and we need to keep it going. While not all consequences of this phenomenon are negative, there are some serious factors to consider, like global warming. In the article, Prospects for Future Climate Change and the Reasons for Early Action, Dr. Alberto Ayala contends that, â€Å"Continued warming is inevitable, but the world needs to greatly reduce its GHG emissions to avoid catastrophic effects on many sectors of the California economy. These effects include increases in the number of extreme heat days by up to a factor of 10 by the end of the century. Climate change will also make meeting our goals to improve air quality much more difficult to achieve† (Edgerton et al. 1391). By this he means that there is a potential danger to the rising temperature, and humans have the power to prevent a potentially disastrous future by simply reducing emissions of greenhouse gases. Annotated Bibliography: Best, Rebecca J., et al. â€Å"Predicting Consequences of Climate Change for Ecosystem                    Functioning: Variation across Trophic Levels, Species and Individuals.†Ã‚  Diversity         Distributions, vol. 21, no. 12, Dec. 2015, pp. 1364–1374.  EBSCOhost, doi:10.1111/ddi.12367.   http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=truedb=a9hAN=110641619site=ehost- live This article is a brief summary of experimental data from trials involving certain     marine animals. The aim of the experiment was to determine how rising temperature     has an     effect on various species. I am using this source to provide data on how global     warming     has an effect on ecosystems. The study was conducted by Bodega Marine     Laboratory      Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of California, Davis CA,     so I assume it     is credible, it is also peer reviewed and scholarly. 2. Chornesky, Elizabeth A., et al. â€Å"Adapting California’s Ecosystems to a Changing     Climate.†Ã‚  BioScience, vol. 65, no. 3, Mar. 2015, pp. 247–262.  EBSCOhost,     search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=truedb=a9hAN=101371938site=ehost-live. This article is about climate change and its role in changing ecosystems. Also discussed     in this article is how humans are acting to protect certain ecosystems from being     altered in a negative manner. I am using this article to discuss a few more species that     are affected by climate change. This article had numerous authors, all of which having     affiliations with environmental departments, so I assume it is credible. Also, this is a     scholarly, peer reviewed article. 3. Edgerton, Sylvia A., et al. â€Å"Prospects for Future Climate Change and the Reasons for     Early Action.†Ã‚  Journal of the Air Waste Management Association (Air Waste     Management Association), vol. 58, no. 11, Nov. 2008, pp. 1386–1400.  EBSCOhost,     doi:10.3155/1047-3289.58.11.1386. http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?     direct=truedb=a9hAN=35128410site=ehost-live This article compiles the comments of multiple environmental experts.   Future     implications of climate change and human impacts on climate are discussed. I am using     this article to add credibility to statements made in my paper and to explain how     humans have influenced the climate. The authors are from various Universities,     institutes, and environmental departments, so I assume they are credible. This also a     peer reviewed, scholarly article. 4. Mann, Michael L., et al. â€Å"Incorporating Anthropogenic Influences into Fire Probability     Models: Effects of Human Activity and Climate Change on Fire Activity in     California.†Ã‚  Plos One, vol. 11, no. 4, Apr. 2016, p. e0153589.  EBSCOhost,     doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0153589. http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?     direct=truedb=cmedmAN=27124597site=ehost-live This article discusses in great detail the fact that climate change is not the only influence     on increased fire activity. This source brings to light the fact that humans are the     ignitors of most fires in the state of California. I am using this source to give evidence of     climate change being a partial cause of the increasing intensity of wildfires, while also     taking into account human influence as well. The numerous authors are associated with     various environmental departments, so I assume it is credible. This article is also     scholarly and peer reviewed. 5. Pielke Jr., Roger A. â€Å"What Is Climate Change?†Ã‚  Issues in Science Technology, vol. 20, no.     4, Summer 2004, pp. 31-34. EBSCOhost, search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?        direct=truedb=a9hAN=13872536site=ehost-live. This article uses several definitions of climate change formulated by scientific     departments to give the reader an idea of what climate change is. Also discussed in this     article is the fact that scientist sometimes have differing views on how to define climate     change. I am using this article simply to define my topic of climate change. The author     is the Director of the Center for Science and Technology Policy Research, University of     Colorado in Boulder, Colorado, so I assume he is credible. This is also a peer reviewed,     scholarly article. 6. Pierce, David W., et al. â€Å"The Key Role of Heavy Precipitation Events in Climate Model     Disagreements of Future Annual Precipitation Changes in California.†Ã‚  Journal of     Climate, vol. 26, no. 16, Aug. 2013, pp. 5879–5896.  EBSCOhost, doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-12-     00766.1. http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?     direct=truedb=a9hAN=89587578site=ehost-live This article discusses the future rates and intensities of precipitation in California.     Climate models are used and explain that there will probably be more dry days in the     future, but rainy days might be more intense. I am using this article to explain the     influences that climate change has in weather patterns in California.   The various     authors are all associated with Universities of California, with one exception being from     the California Energy Commission, Sacramento, so I assume this is a credible source.     This is also a peer reviewed, scholarly article. Photo Credits: Link to Desert Picture: https://fthmb.tqn. com/-uyXvH1810Tm8QUPeT33ebdFa48=/9600/filters:no_upscale()/joshua-tree-national-park-california-us-530056063-582c96423df78c6f6a5fbaf7.jpg Link to Car picture: https://pixel.nymag.com/imgs/daily/intelligencer/2018/03/30/30-car-emissions-pollution-epa.w710.h473.jpg Link to Raining/Flooding Picture: floodflaps.com/†¦loads/creative-rain_0.jpg Link to Wildfire Picture: s.hswstatic.com/†¦/wildfire-widescreen-a.jpg

How does the promotion strategy effect the customer purchase Dissertation

How does the promotion strategy effect the customer purchase - Dissertation Example This was a qualitative study based on primary data collection through questionnaire. The objectives of the study have been achieved. The study finds that advertising has a long-term orientation while other elements of the promotion mix, such as sales promotion, publicity and interactive promotions have an immediate impact resulting in consumer purchase. Sales promotion initiatives such as free offers and coupons tend to draw consumers instantly. Online marketing through social media platforms fetch tremendous publicity. These build awareness which, with further constant promotions can give rise to interest and desire to purchase the brand. Thus, promotions first create a brand perception on the minds of the consumers and then gradually turn them into consumers. However, there cannot be a set strategy applicable to all companies or products and services. The study concludes by highlighting the limitations and making recommendations for further research on the subject. Table of Content s Chapter I Introduction 1.1 Background 1 1.2 Purpose of the Study 3 1.3 Research Aims & Objectives 4 1.4 Research Question 4 1.5 Structure of the Study 4 Chapter II Literature Review 2.1 Definition of Promotion Strategy 6 2.2 Importance 7 2.3 Successful Promotion Strategy 8 2.4 Other effect on Customer Purchase 9 2.5 Relationship between promotion strategy and customer purchase 10 2.6 Conclusion 11 Chapter III Methodology 3.1 Research Philosophy 12 3.2 Research Approach 12 3.3 Research Design 13 3.4 Data Collection 15 3.5 Data Analysis 16 3.6 Validity & Reliability 16 3.7 Ethical Considerations 17 Chapter IV Findings and Discussions 4.1 Chapter Overview 19 4.2 Findings 19 4.3 Discussions 27 Chapter V Conclusion and Recommendations 5.1 Conclusion 33 5.2 Limitations 35 5.3 Recommendation for further research on the subject 35 Reference 37 Appendix 40 Charts & Tables Chart 4.1 Do you play League of Legends? 19 Chart 4.2 How often do you play LoL? 20 Chart 4.3 LoL is better than Defens e of The Ancients 21 Chart 4.4 IPL 5 is better than LoL 2012 21 Chart 4.5 Fan of Facebook page of LoL 22 Chart 4.6 Reasons for watching LoL 2012 (season 2) 23 Chart 4.7 Option to buy Riot Points 24 Chart 4.8 Riot Points or Play up the Levels 24 Chart 4.9 Reasons for buying the Riot Points 25 Chart 4.10 Play only with Free Riot Points 25 Chart 4.11 Attraction of New Champion Skins 26 Chart 4.12 Source of LoL Costume 26 Chart 4.13 Use of Costume 27 Chapter I Introduction 1.1 Background An effective marketing strategy is based on identification of the target audience and then identifying means to influence this target segment. Marketers usually build upon existing standard strategies adopted by others. However, standard strategy such as celebrity endorsement is no more sufficient to entice the customer. Consumers today can choose where, when and how they engage with a brand and they prefer to do so online (Launchfire Interactive, 2008). They respect innovative marketing programs that v alue their customers as partners, and that rewards them for their interest and engagement. This consumer demand and consumer consciousness has resulted in the emergence of a new marketing mix element – interactive promotions. Launchfire Interactive cites of a study by Borrell Associates which forecast that expenditure on interactive promo

Facilitating Change in Health and Social Care Assignment

Facilitating Change in Health and Social Care - Assignment Example The researcher therefore focuses at the main factors that drive change in the health sector through cross-examining CQC’s report on Royal United Hospital Bath. Discussing a number of key factors driving change in the health as well as social services through examining strengths, weaknesses as well as opportunities and threats, therefore, remains essential. Strengths relate to organizational aspects that include resources, both physical and financial, expertise staff and other internal factors of an organization. Through identification of opportunities from the external environment that rhyme with the internal capabilities, organizations capitalize on the strengths. Weaknesses on the other hand amount to deficiencies arising from incompetent resources of an organization (Whitten, 2009, pg. 117). Poor services or bad reputation of an organization serves as the major weaknesses within an organization setup. Leaders and managers, therefore, need to work on correcting those weaknesses that reduce organizations effectiveness as well as damaging the organization. Opportunities arise from external environment changes. Changes in government policie s or technology fall under that category. Organizations take advantage of presented opportunities in order to grow current services. Threats, on the other hand, relate to external factors presenting risks to the organization. Change of government policies and technological changes forms the major risks that face existing organizations. Examining the weaknesses and threats posed by these factors will enhance responsible institutions to develop achievable strategies to cope with these challenges. The first factor relates to Legislation. Legislation relates to government programs that involve funding and the NHS as the major body entrusted with controlling the health and social services sector. Government control of the health sector remains an

The Importance of Study Skills Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Importance of Study Skills - Essay Example mber anything at school not because they are lack of abilities but because they dont know how to concentrate on the information that they need to learn. Second of all, it is important to be able to remember what you concentrate on, so mnemonic is also a basic study skill. It allows a student to learn information the way that it will remain in the students brain for a long period of time. The skill is important because it creates a certain database in students mind, which develops his critical thinking and erudition. Hence, ability to concentrate and mnemonic are the most effective study skills required for all students. However, in order to be able to perceive information properly, a pupil has to be capable of collecting the most important core points from what he or she listens and reads, so effective taking of notes is also a very useful study skill. Note taking allows a student to focus on the most crucial aspects of each topic and subjects that he perceives during lessons and outside the classroom. Moreover, it is important for students to take notes in order to be able to remind themselves the main points of the learned material whenever he needs it after lessons. Also, effective reading is the skill that maintains efficient learning and helps a student to remember information for a longer period of time. Furthermore, effective reading skills are absolutely useful in any kinds of learning activities, as most of the activities require reading. Being able to read huge amounts of texts and perceive its meaning properly is going to be convenient not only within the classroom but also in life in general. Hence, study skills are very important not only for studying process and getting good grades, but for multiple activities outside the classroom, including successful studying in future professional

Book Review on Jacob Riis' How the Other Half Lives Essay

Book Review on Jacob Riis' How the Other Half Lives - Essay Example He strongly believed that the upper society can make a strong impact to the lives of these impoverished people and that it was only possible through their support and contribution that the slums of New York could change shape and the people living there could be provided with the basic amenities of life. At the time when this book was written, camera with the flash technology were newly invented, therefore, Jacob A. Riis equipped his book with pictures of the slums because he felt that only words would not have the due impact which the pictures accompanying them would. The book talks about life in tenements. The tenements which were particularly what the author of the book hated about the life that he lived in the slums. In the following quotation from the book the author expresses his reasoning behind the animosity he held against the tenements; â€Å"In the tenements all the influences make for evil; because they are the hot-beds of the epidemics that carry death to rich and poor alike; nurseries of pauperism and crime that fill our jails and police courts†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Riis, 1890). The former statement shows what the author felt about the slums, he felt that the slums were where the crime began, where diseases started from and a breeding ground for many of the vices that existed in the country. The language used in the novel reflects the fact that it was written in the late nineteenth century, the author needs to be given credit for portraying the dialect of many of the minority groups living in the slums of New York with such perfection that while reading the book one feels that one is actually hearing the people of the slums talk instead of just reading. Moreover, the use of imagery is extremely impactful; one’s imagination can instantly picture the landscape and smell the different types of smells that the author has described in the book. The unhygienic feel gets so vivid n one’s memory that one actually feels appalled at the harsh realit ies of this world and the stark contrast that exists in the living standards of the people living not only in the same country but also in the same city. However, the difficulty with reading the book is that some of the sentences and paragraphs are so long that the author starts by talking about a particular thing and stretches it so much that by the time the paragraph ends he is talking about a different thing which makes it difficult for the reader to keep track of the stated facts. A very central point that has been stressed a lot in the book is that people of different nationalities come and settle in the tenements. These people as stated by the author make their way into metropolitans in search for a chance to make an impact on their lives and those of their families. The author states that if we try to compare the poor Americans to people of other nationalities who come to New York in order to earn and make their lives better, the foreigners make stronger progress in terms of work and careers because they come in search of opportunities and are quick to grab them whenever possible, as opposed to the Americans who would rather wait for the opportunity to come to them as expressed by the following quotation from the novel; â€Å"The poorest immigrant comes here with the purpose and ambition to better himself and, given half a chance, might be reasonably expected to make the most of it†

Ban Advertising that Preys upon Children Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Ban Advertising that Preys upon Children - Essay Example An expert on marketing to children, Professor James U. McNeal, stated that, "Virtually every consumer-goods industry, from airlines to zinnia-seed sellers, targets kids." Parents and school administrators alike find it improbable to control such influences that bear upon the children. Ironically, some advertisers exploit the children's weaknesses to make them want and eventually buy products. For instance, the President of the Shalek Agency, Nancy Shalek told the Los Angeles Times that "Advertising at its best is making people feel that without their product, you're a loser. Kids are very sensitive to that. If you tell them to buy something, they are resistant. But if you tell them that they'll be a dork if they don't, you've got their attention. You open up emotional vulnerabilities and it's very easy to do with kids because they're the most emotionally vulnerable." (Harris) Oliver James a psychologist stated in The Economic Times that UK is filled with "Affluneza-afflicted consumers [ready] for marketers to play on their [ever-present] desire to constantly compare themselves negatively with others." The "Affluenza" virus is said to be a form of 'sickness' that is greatly caused by materialism. A result of this illness would be depression, anxiety, substance abuse, and personal disorder. Those who are afflicted by this virus watch more television, and are more likely to be dissatisfied with their lives than those who seldom watch. When asked to compare their lives with those they see on the television, they view themselves negatively and inferior compared to these characters. As an example, schoolchildren who compare their own performances in school to the best and brightest pupils they see on television. Without proper adult guidance, these children will develop inferiority that may affect their social skills. Another factor why corporations prey on our children is because of the fact the children can nag, and Cheryl Idell knows a lot about nagging. She has written reports for major companies as read in such articles, "The Art of Fine Nagging" and "Nag Factor". Idell said that nagging can cause frequent buying activities of children's products such as clothing, toys, and video games; or entirely affect the family's diet because of regular trips to fast-food restaurants. She explains further that there are two categories to where nagging falls into. "There is persistent nagging, the fall-on-the-floor kind, and there is important nagging, where a kid can talk about it." (Schoolman) Idell advises numerous corporations that getting kids to whine is better, even better when they can be given "a specific reason to ask for the product." To most ways, it appears as if her task is to make lives miserable since she rates the success of a product to how a child can nag and temptingly ask for it. Some of the most successful companies that belong to the top of this list are McDonald's, Burger King, OshKosh, Disney, and Pizza Hut. (Western Initiative Media World Wide Web) There has been a huge shift in the way

Book Review on Jacob Riis' How the Other Half Lives Essay

Book Review on Jacob Riis' How the Other Half Lives - Essay Example He strongly believed that the upper society can make a strong impact to the lives of these impoverished people and that it was only possible through their support and contribution that the slums of New York could change shape and the people living there could be provided with the basic amenities of life. At the time when this book was written, camera with the flash technology were newly invented, therefore, Jacob A. Riis equipped his book with pictures of the slums because he felt that only words would not have the due impact which the pictures accompanying them would. The book talks about life in tenements. The tenements which were particularly what the author of the book hated about the life that he lived in the slums. In the following quotation from the book the author expresses his reasoning behind the animosity he held against the tenements; â€Å"In the tenements all the influences make for evil; because they are the hot-beds of the epidemics that carry death to rich and poor alike; nurseries of pauperism and crime that fill our jails and police courts†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Riis, 1890). The former statement shows what the author felt about the slums, he felt that the slums were where the crime began, where diseases started from and a breeding ground for many of the vices that existed in the country. The language used in the novel reflects the fact that it was written in the late nineteenth century, the author needs to be given credit for portraying the dialect of many of the minority groups living in the slums of New York with such perfection that while reading the book one feels that one is actually hearing the people of the slums talk instead of just reading. Moreover, the use of imagery is extremely impactful; one’s imagination can instantly picture the landscape and smell the different types of smells that the author has described in the book. The unhygienic feel gets so vivid n one’s memory that one actually feels appalled at the harsh realit ies of this world and the stark contrast that exists in the living standards of the people living not only in the same country but also in the same city. However, the difficulty with reading the book is that some of the sentences and paragraphs are so long that the author starts by talking about a particular thing and stretches it so much that by the time the paragraph ends he is talking about a different thing which makes it difficult for the reader to keep track of the stated facts. A very central point that has been stressed a lot in the book is that people of different nationalities come and settle in the tenements. These people as stated by the author make their way into metropolitans in search for a chance to make an impact on their lives and those of their families. The author states that if we try to compare the poor Americans to people of other nationalities who come to New York in order to earn and make their lives better, the foreigners make stronger progress in terms of work and careers because they come in search of opportunities and are quick to grab them whenever possible, as opposed to the Americans who would rather wait for the opportunity to come to them as expressed by the following quotation from the novel; â€Å"The poorest immigrant comes here with the purpose and ambition to better himself and, given half a chance, might be reasonably expected to make the most of it†

The ethical dilemma of the physicians orders for the care of a child Essay

The ethical dilemma of the physicians orders for the care of a child vs the parents disapproval - Essay Example This paper discusses an ethical dilemma involving physicians’ order for childcare and parents disapproval citing the moral issues involved. The paper discusses two bioethical principles and relates them to the aforementioned case. The document closes with a discussion on a value of personal morality and relates it to the morality of the larger group and society. An unnamed woman in Canada gave birth to six babies and physicians warned of their ill health and recommended blood transfusion for them. Two of them died before physicians in the hospitals where they had been born convinced their parents of how urgently the babies needed blood transfusion. The parents refused physicians to carry out the intervention and went to court seeking to stop officials forcing their way with the said intervention. The court then ordered some social workers who had taken custody of some babies seeking to secure treatment for them to return them to their parents (Birchley, 2010). The ethical dilemma in the case involved the decision on whether to assume physician’s moral obligation to ensure health of patients, in this case the infants, or whether to respect moral requirement of parents’ autonomy regarding actions on their children’s lives. Legal aspects of human rights to autonomy further complicated the case as the law supported the parents’ opinion that was based on their religious beliefs. The parents refused their babies to receive blood transfusion because their faith was against it. They were followers of Jehovah’s Witness and they remained adamant that they would have allowed any other treatment intervention as long as it did not involve blood. Jehovah’s Witness believers have strongly rejected any medical treatment including surgery that involves blood loss or reception. These believers have been proposing to have machines that can help recycle patient’s own blood to eliminate the need for a blood tra nsfusion. The Canadian

Imperialism from 1700 to 1900 Essay Example for Free

Imperialism from 1700 to 1900 Essay From 1700 to 1900, the world was expanding. Many countries took on a expansionism type known as imperialism. Countries such as England used the British East India Company to conquer parts of Asia. America used imperialism to spread their rule westward, known as Manifest Destiny. They both used this tactic as migration. During these encounters, many factors stayed the same, but also differed in some ways. In the 19th century, the Americas were finally free of British control, and decided to spread their nation westward, past the Appalachian mountains to the pacific ocean. These people who traveled were called pioneers, exploring the frontier of America. Along the way, they came across Native American civilizations and tribes. Although the Native Americans were welcoming, the pioneers took advantage of them, through their resources. They eventually lead to the endangerment of the buffalo. They depleted many other of their resources, which caused the Native Americans and pioneers to attack one another. Battles such as Little Bighorn and the Wounded Knee massacre are just two known ones. The pioneers ended up killing off many of the natives, which was known as the French and Indian war, and although many Native Americans still survived those attacks, to this day most of them are force to live on reservations. The Americans then started giving away land in the midwest, that used to be owned by these tribes. The Homestead Act encouraged people to go out west and take land given by the government. The land was typically 100 plus acres. The British initially entered India in the 18th century with the East India Company with the sole thought of its trading and financial benefits. By the beginning of the 19th century, however, ulterior motives started to appear. The British were, technically, the ruling governors of India, but before then, had only been concerned with making money. Now, however, the British began trying to expand their territory and the idea of responsible trusteeship came about. The British, along their conquests, destroyed much of Indian culture and replaced it with their own. The British did however, like the idea of the caste system in separating the people, and so let that remain in tack to remain in control of the population. India became a major trade hub in Asia due to this. British rule also modernized India, bring new  technologies and such there, known as cultural diffusion. And so, the Natives had to stay on their reservations while America expanded. America continued their idea of Manifest Destiny all the way to the Pacific. As for the British, the Indian culture was destroyed and changed to the British way of life.

There Are Major Approaches Of Leadership Theory Business Essay

There Are Major Approaches Of Leadership Theory Business Essay Virgin was founded in 1970 as a mail-order record business and developed as a private company in music publishing and retaining. Virgin had grown fast, becoming profitable and entering and claiming a significant share of new markets without the traditional trappings of the typical multinational. In 2001 Branson described the virgin group as branded ventures to expand them at the expense of profits. The use of partners provided flexibility and limited risk. Branson and his business development team reviewed about 50 business proposals a week with about four new projects under discussion at any one time. Company profile:- Sir Richard Branson, holding company Virgin Group gets around. The groups travel-related operations, led by 51%-owned Virgin Atlantic Airways, are among its largest cash generators. The airline flies to about 35 destinations around the world with a fleet of almost 40 aircraft. Virgin Atlantic is complemented by its Australian low-fare cousin, Virgin Blue, which operates a fleet of some 80 aircraft. Virgin Group also runs Virgin Rail and sells tour packages. Besides travel and leisure, the groups major operating areas include financial services and telecom (Virgin Media). Leadership:- Leadership culture is defined by the collective action of formal and informal leaders acting together in the help of organizational goals that ultimately marks the difference. When we speak about the leadership it is the both leaders themselves and the relationship among them, the skills and behavior of the leaders are needed to implement the business strategy and create the desired culture. The collective leadership capabilities of the leaders acting together in the groups and across the boundaries to implement strategies. A good leadership strategy takes all of these factors into account. (William and Michael, 2011.) Generating the effort and commitment to work towards objectives is central to managing any human activity. People use the term effective leader to denote someone who brings innovation, moves an activity out of trouble into success, makes a worthwhile difference. They see opportunities to do new things, take initiatives, and inspire people. The most effective leaders will be people who use their energies to accomplish desired results. Leadership will focus on action and implementation. Katz and Kahn (1948). There is general three areas of skill are necessary for the process of management: technical, human and conceptual Technical skill:-ability to use knowledge, methods, techniques, and equipment necessary for the performance of specific tasks, acquired from experience, education and training. Human skills:-ability and judgment in working with and through people. This includes an understanding of motivation and application of effective leadership. Conceptual skills:-ability to understand the complexities of the overall organization and where ones own operation fits into the organization. This knowledge permits one to act according to the objectives of the total organization rather than only on the basis of the goals and needs of ones own immediate group. There are major approaches of leadership theory:- Trait theory:- Trait theory does, however, help us identify some qualities that are helpful when leading others and, together, these emerge as a generalized leadership style. Examples include empathy, assertiveness, good decision-making, and likability. Trait theories argue that leaders share a number of common personality traits and characteristics, and that leadership emerges from these traits. Early trait theories promoted the idea that leadership is an innate, instinctive quality that you either have or dont have. Thankfully, weve moved on from this approach, and were learning more about what we can do as individuals to develop leadership qualities within ourselves and others Behavioral Approach Theory:- The behavioral approach theory is an extension of the traits theory and is superior in certain respects. The traits theory failed to explain what caused effective leadership. The behavioral approach is based on the study of behavior of a leader. This behavioral theory suggests that a leader do not behave in the same manner under all situations. Similarly, his actions are not identical under all situations which he faces. He adjusts his behavior as per the need of the situation. There is an element of flexibility in his approach and behavior. He studies the situation and adjusts his leadership style accordingly. He adopts different leadership styles to meet the need of different situations. Contingency theory of leadership:- Fred Fiedler developed the Contingency Theory of Leadership that determines types of leaders by their characteristics and the situations they find themselves in. The relationship-oriented leader will want to get along with their employees and thus will perform in a way which gains their adoration. This does not take away from the fact that they desire a high level of performance from their employees, but their top priority is to maintain good relationships. The top priority of a task-oriented leader is for their subordinates to complete all tasks and meet all goals. While both styles of leadership can be useful in different contexts, it is important to realize under Fiedlers Contingency Theory it is next to impossible for a relationship Situational leadership theories:- Situational theories of leadership were developed to find good ways of adapting leadership actions to meet the needs of different situations and circumstances. Leadership style here refers to the broad approach adopted by a leader. A leaders style of leadership is often based on a leaders own beliefs, personality, experiences, working environment and the situation at the time. Some leaders work within one leadership style. Others are more flexible and can adapt their style of leadership to meet the needs of different situations. Transactional vs. Transformational leadership theories:- Transactional leadership theory is based on transactions or exchanges between the leader and the follower. It assumes that the working relationship is one where the leader issues the work, praises or criticises, rewards or punishes. The follower has little responsibility, other than doing as they are required, correctly. All works well if both leader and follower carry out their part in the transactions as expected. This approach is more often seen in low skilled jobs, where procedures are clearly defined or where there is little change. Transformational leadership theory is all about change. Transformational leaders inspire others to follow a vision. One reason transformation model is a true development is its goal emphasis. The relationship between the leader and other members of the team isnt of primary importance. Such roles and duties exist because there is an outside something that all wish to reach, and so they take their places and undertake their own necessary tasks. For the first time, those studying leadership began to see it as necessarily being in relation to something greater. Transformational leadership depends on a greater context or meaning, which is something all people desire. Building trust and getting cooperation are far more difficult than giving orders and monitoring process. In transformational leadership, the leader must continue to be an inspiring presence. The leader leads by example and is responsible for motivating others. Richard Branson has got the style of a transformational and charismatic leader, which most of us only dream of working for or with. Sir Richards own opinion on this review of him as a leader, delivered through a two hour long interview of him on his island, sharing a nice bottle of red wine. But that will most probably stay à   dream, as will the wish of working for or with a leader as Sir Richard Branson. Leaders deals with their employees in different ways. Some are strict to the employees and like to be in absolute control on the other side some are more relaxed and allow workers some space to run their own working lives. Whatever approach is predominately used it will be vital to the success of the business. An organization is more or less similar to the Manager or the person running it. Management styles are also known as leadership styles, indeed they are similar phrases most of the time. Different Types of leadership Styles Autocratic Feature Autocratic Managers normally just gives orders to their staff takes decision without any discussion or consultation In these situation decisions are taken very quickly because staff are not consulate. Subordinates other staff are expected to obey the instructions. Impact As the staff does not have any involvement the works are usually completed on time decision are taken faster. Sometimes this kind of management style decrease the motivation also increase the staff turnover because they are not involved in taking any decision neither feel valued. Democratic Feature Unlike in Autocratic leadership style Democratic style employees are involved in taking decision therefore they find themselves valued they are motivated. They have been given responsibilities to finish the work given to them using their own method. However task should be completed on time. This method also improved the quality of staff because they are motivated belonging. Also the management gains team commitment especially when changes need to be made. Impact Although this style of leadership is very famous among businesses this method slows down the process of decision making because the staff is involved. The managers gain the team commitment mostly when changes need to be made. Laissez Faire Feature In Laissez Faire leadership style Managers sets a task gives staff absolute freedom to complete the task taking own decisions. In this leadership style there is very little or almost no direction from the manager. The manager however does not sit idle! They are there to coach or answer questions, supply information if required. Impact Staff fell motivated is developed to take responsibility. But on the other hand with very little guidance from the manager staff may feel lost a may not be able to reach the target within set the time frame. Motivation theory:- Motivation is the force that makes us behave in a particular way. In a business setting motivation is about ensuring that employees put in the effort required to achieve the objectives set for them. Motivation theories:- Over the years a number of leadership theories have been put forward in an attempt to explain the nature of employee motivation and suggest ways in which it may be improved. Frederick Taylors motivation theory:- Taylor was an American engineer who studied production methods in the steel industry. He concluded that workers main motivation was pay and that they needed close supervision. He believed that complex jobs would be most efficiently performed if broken down into separate operations where little could go wrong. The whole job could then be completed in a series of stages by employees working together in production line. Elton Mayo: in the 1920s Mayo conducted a series of experiments at the Hawthorn works of the American Electric Company in Chicago. He was investigating why, despite improved facilities and benefits, there was much dissatisfaction and poor productivity. He concluded that the employees were responding to the attention given to them, rather than to the physical working conditions. Abraham Maslows hierarchy of needs:- Maslow believed that motivation comes from a desire to satisfy a hierarchy of human needs which show in diagram. We must first of all satisfy our basic needs for survival such as food and shelter. Thereafter we become interested in higher level needs such as job satisfaction and self -fulfillment. People in developing countries, for example will work hard for low wages because there is little alternative. Maslow accepted that a verity of needs will exist at the same time, but suggested that once lower needs are satisfied then higher become the strongest motivators. Frederick Herzbergs two factor theory:- Frederick Herzbergs two factor theory, produced in the 1950, concerns job design and satisfaction. From numerous interviews with accountants and engineers he concluded that two sets of factors are important in motivation. Hygiene factors motivators Reasonable pay Satisfactory conditions of work Benefits packages such as sick pay, pensions schemes, etc. Without these , people are dissatisfied, but they alone do not lead to job satisfaction or provide motivation Responsibility Challenge Self -improvement These provide job satisfaction and motivate people Douglas McGregors theory X and Y:- In his book, the human side of enterprise, McGregor put forward two extreme views about the way in which organizations manage their employees. He called these theories X and theory Y. Douglas McGregor believed that there were two main ways of managing employees. The theory x The theory y The theory x way, where employees are managed as if they are lazy and need to be punished and threatened if they do not work hard enough. The theory Y way, where employees are managed as if work is a good activity for them and they will feel rewarded from being with other human beings and doing a good job. The type of leadership style that is used with employees can make a difference to the level of motivation that they feel. Some employees may work harder if they are heavily supervised and threatened with punishment if they do not work well, but for others this can lead to de-motivation and they will either produce less work or eventually. McClelland: David McClelland suggested that there are three main types of motivational need:- The need for achievement The need for authority and power The need for affiliation Each employee and leader has differencing levels of these needs, and this influence their style and behavior as leader or employees. Look at the following example. A person who is achievement -motivated wants challenging goals and to be able to reach them. They need to receive feedback on how they are doing and need to feel they are being a success. A person who is authority and power -motivated needs to have a big influence on others and make an impact. They want and need to lead as his helps them feel better about themselves. A person who is affiliation -motivated wants friendly relationships and likes being with other people. They are team players and are often popular at work. As most people possess a mixture of all three sets of characteristics, the style a leader uses in influenced by their dominating need. Vroom:- Victor vroom developed his expectancy theory of motivation, which states that employees work harder if they believe that the outcome of their efforts will be better. He produced an equation that is used to calculate motivation:- M = EÃÆ'-IÃÆ'-V M= motivation E = expectancy I= instrumentality V = valence By multiplying these factors together Vroom says it is possible to work out how motivated someone is likely to be. If each variables is high, then motivations is likely to be high , but if one is low , overall motivation will be lowered. Culture-Culture of an association is the typical way of doing things in the organization. It particularly relates to behavior patterns and relationships. The culture of an organization develops over time. It is created by the people that work for the organization its manager and workforce. Any companys values and beliefs depend on cultures which are shared across the business. Company organizations also effect on its strategy and focus on the consumer. A key factors of the new approach has to change the corporate culture and build an atmosphere within the company those values : consumer facility which focus given that an skill that is agreeable and sociable as well as efficient team work, for the reason that this lead to superior support and the contribution of greatest training attractive ownership used for decision as a result to facilitate manager explain problems themselves rather than pass them on to others respecting every one thus everyone feel they be able to contribute havin g the cut-throat will to succeed thus each person is aim to develop and be successful. Cultural diversity:- The phrase Cultural Diversity means a group of various societies or peoples with different origins, religions and traditions living, working or interacting together. At the best, it involves treating fairly and reasonably each ethnic group without advancing the specific beliefs or values of any particular group. In other words cultural diversity at business is an idea of hiring people of different groups, different religions and encouraging the entry of working staff from various countries. Dimensions of diversity:- Primary dimensions Secondary dimensions Tertiary dimensions Race Ethnicity Gender Age disability religion culture sexual orientation thinking style geographic origin family status economic status political orientation work experience education language nationality beliefs assumptions perceptions attitudes feelings values group norms This table indicates that diversity has many dimensions. These may intertwine to produce unique syntheses of human profiles, made up of both differences and similarities. The dimensions interact with and influence one another and emerge or are displayed differently contexts, environments and circumstances, making analysis and management complex. Race, for example, may be more dominant than age in a certain social situation, but may be less dominant than education in a work context. Thus the position and dominance of each dimension are not static, but dynamic, making the concept of diversity more complex. The secondary dimensions are more malleable and many of them will change over time. Diversity is not simple, not easy to grasp and not easy to mange. By using socio-demographic traits as independent variables to operationalise diversity, most diversity studies has understood diversity as a given, fixed individual or group essence (Litvin 1997). Managing cultural diversity:- Overcoming prejudice and changing entrenched negative attitudes about equality and diversity issues is difficult. Every organization needs to understand the broad nature of the business arguments and ensure actions and initiatives support business goals. They need to move from minimal compliance with legal duties and focus on engaging employees understanding in ways that influence personal behaviors and operational activities regarding the diversity of products and services to meet diverse customer and client needs and preferences. People make the difference at work but everyone is different covers the evolution of the concept, tips for progressive action, case studies and diversity issues in the population. For an organization to gain the full benefits of diversity, a coherent diversity strategy is needed to ensure that all policies and working practices across the business reflect relevant diversity implications. It needs to be supported with a well communicated value system reflec ting the importance of diversity. All employees should be trained to understand and engage with this in the way they do their jobs and work with their colleagues. Diversity strategies need to embrace greater flexibility in both people propositions and customer and client service delivery and take account of the inclusive nature of the work- life balance agenda. Managing diversity also links to ensuring that employee wellbeing is not just a nice to do but an essential element of employee engagement and motivation. Smart employers take account of these issues as key components of their employer brand to support the attraction support and retention of talent. Adler (1997) has identified the following strategies for managing cultural differences. Ignore cultural differences Minimize cultural differences Manage cultural differences Recommendations:- The world keeps changing and providing new kinds of challenges to multinational corporations. This makes it necessary for them to adopt new strategies and new kinds of activities in order to survive and grow in a changing business environment. Virgin will continue to prosper in its global business by integrating the leadership skills and technical abilities of its executives to enable them to develop innovative ideas on how to cope with the diverse conditions in the global market. Another recommendation is for the corporation to eliminate the typical Western bias towards poor countries. The principle is to operate in ways that take into account the expectation of people who are affected by the business. The corporation should also make more efforts to develop native capability. This refers to the recruitment and training of the locals to become global leaders which ultimately will redound to the best interest of the corporation. Conclusion:- With over 25 years in the travel sector and a reputation for delivering unforgettable experiences to millions of Virgin fans, Virgin is a perfect fit for the hotel business. Virgin is a leader in design and hospitality and has transformed businesses ranging from airlines to fitness clubs to super luxury retreats and even space tourism. Customers expect innovation and excellence and our new 4 star hotels will deliver exactly that. Virgin Hotels offers a unique opportunity for property owners and developers to partner with a leading global brand in a highly differentiated hotel proposition that taps into evolving trends in consumer tastes. Virgin hotels aim to re-define the customer journey from pre-arrival to check-out is built on extensive customer research. Hotel valuable target audience includes high income, well-educated, metropolitan business and leisure travellers. We can leverage millions of Virgin flyers to significantly enhance marketing, sales and distribution, and millions of loyalty program members (Virgin America Elevate and Virgin Atlantic Flying Club). In addition, having built large scale, highly profitable businesses, we bring proven operational expertise. References: Ginsburg, F. (2002). Screen memories: Resignifying the traditional in Indigenous media. In F. Ginsburg, L. Abu-Lughod, and B.Larkin (Eds.),  Media Worlds: Anthropology on a New Terrain  (pp.39-57). Berkeley: University of California Press. Mullins L.J., 2007, Management and organizational behaviour, Pearson Education Ltd, GB, PP 166 Niezen Ronald A world beyond difference Blackwell Publishing 2004 Peter F.Drucker, the practice of management (New York: Harper Row, 1954).see also Allen Richard L.Draft, Management, 3rd ed. (Fort Worth, TX: Dryden Press, 1993), p.493. Smith, M. Smith, M. (2002). Globalization the encyclopedia of informal education. Retrieved August 27, 2006 James D.Thompson, Mcdonals in action, 1967. Michael E. Potter, competitive Strategy: techniques for analyzing industries and competitors 1980. Robert OQuinn and Kim Cameron, Mcdonald Life Cycles and Shifting Criteria of Effectiveness 1983. Rahul Jacob, Corporate Reputations, 1995, 54-67 William Warned, lessons of value -Driven Leadership, 1995.

The Effect of Colonialism in Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe Essay

This essay is about the effect of Colonialism seen in the book Things Fall Apart. Through out the whole book you can see different impressions on the tribe, many other people, and the relationships between the white man and the black man.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  "Does the white man understand our custom about land?" "How can he when he does not even speak our tongue? But he says that our customs are bad; and our own brothers who have taken up his religion also say that our customs are bad. How do you think we can fight when our own brothers have turned against us? The white man is very clever. He came quietly and peaceably with his religion. We were amused at his foolishness and allowed him to stay. Now he has won our brothers, and our clan can no longer act like one. He has put a knife on the things that held us together and we have fallen apart." (Achebe, 17) This discussion of the white man not understanding the customs and traditions, comes ever since the arrival of the colonialists, Obierika seems to voice Achebe's own thoughts on colonialism. Upset by the fact that the white men have come and completely disregarded the Igbo sense of justice, Obierika points out the impossibility of the colonialists understanding anything about the Umuofians without speaking their language. Then he points out the foolishness of belittling unfamiliar customs.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Obierika does not lay the whole blame on the white man’s side. He feels also that the Umuofians who have con...