Explaining Hagar Sarah Analogy In Galatians 4 Religion Essay Essays

Explaining Hagar Sarah Analogy In Galatians 4 Religion Essay Essays Explaining Hagar Sarah Analogy In Galatians 4 Religion Essay Paper Explaining Hagar Sarah Analogy In Galatians 4 Religion Essay Paper The church at Galatia, founded by Paul was at a point of instability. In Paul s absence they were introduced to the jurisprudence by some Judaizers from Jerusalem, who insisted on the Circumcision stand foring the compact of God with Abraham. Their claim was that to be saved one must maintain the jurisprudence and Circumcision. Paul had antecedently preached Jesus to the Galatians but in his absence these Hebrews from Jerusalem came prophesying the jurisprudence to the Gentiles. It is to this terminal that Paul writes to the Galatians, with the exclusive purpose of re-establishing the undiluted message of redemption that he had antecedently preached to them. In seeking to clearly present his message, Paul uses the Hagar-Sarah analogy, together with historical and cultural allusions to drive place his point to the Gentiles and to rectify the false instruction that they had received. The intent of this essay therefore is to supply an analysis of the Sarah Hagar analogy as used by Paul in the book of Galatians 4. Hagar-Sarah Analogy The term analogy refers to similarity or comparing, etc. Analogy plays a important function in job resolution, determination devising, perceptual experience, memory, creativeness, emotion, account and communicating. The primary intent of analogy is to exemplify and cast visible radiation on one country of cognition by mention to a similar, for case Paul uses the Hagar-Sarah analogy to rebut false instructions. The apostle Paul was faced with a undertaking of rectifying unorthodoxies taught by some Judaizers. The textual and historical stuff suggests that their instruction hindered the Christians at Galatia, doing them to follow after the jurisprudence of Circumcision. Hebrews came from Jerusalem learning that what Paul had taught could non be taken at face value, his instructions and apostleship were questioned, and to the Galatians this must hold been true, since this message was coming from Jews from Jerusalem, the 1s who received the jurisprudence, Abraham s posterities. Their message was that an person can non merely accept Jesus and make off with the jurisprudence ; accepting Jesus is good but one besides needs to maintain the Law of Moses every bit good as partake in Circumcision of the flesh ( foreskin ) . Even the cursory reader of Galatians could non neglect to experience the force of Paul s righteous choler. In Galatians 3:1, he charges: You foolish Galatians! Who has bewitched you? It would look that Paul was annoyed by the Galatian s attitude of accepting another message apart from the message they had foremost received. The philosophy of the Judaizers displeased Paul so much that he made a comparing of Hagar and Sarah. The Hagar-Sarah analogy represents bondage which is found in detecting the Law of Moses and freedom which is found in Jesus Christ. At this occasion it is of import to give a briefing on these two adult females. Hagar Hagar was the slave or housemaid of Sarah, who gave birth to a boy on Sarah s petition in an effort to carry through God s promise, Genesis 16:1-2. Hagar s boy mocked Isaac after he was wean, this angered Sarah who sent Hagar and her boy off, observing that her boy would non portion in Isaac s the heritage, Genesis 21:8-10. It would look that Hagar was the chief parent in her boy s life as there is no record in Bible to bespeak that she was married, Genesis 21 ; 20. Some believe that the Keturah spoken of in Genesis 25:1 that Abraham married refer to Hagar. On rating of this theory, it can be stated that Hagar was an Egyptian, Genesis 16:1, whilst some school of idea suggest that Keturah was an Ethiopian. In add-on, Hagar was stated as giving birth to one boy, viz. , Ishmael. The Bibles record that Ishmael would be blessed and 12 states would come from him ( 1 histories 1:29 ) . Keturah on the other manus is noted in Genesis 25:2 and 1 Histories 1:32 as holding six boies, Ishmael s name was non mentioned. These biblical mentions do non favor Keturah as Ishmael s female parent, but instead Hagar. Hence it can be deduced that Hagar and Keturah are different people. Sarah Sarah was the married woman of Abraham, the adult male whom Bible refers to as believing God, who in bend God credited him as righteous, Genesis 15:6. Sarah was a low adult female. She was the female parent of Isaac, the lone boy that she gave birth to in her old age. Sarah was besides the proprietor of a housemaid or break ones back miss, Genesis 16:1. Subsequently her name was changed by God from Sarai to Sarah because of God s compact with them, Genesis 17:15. So, Sarah was a free adult female, decently married ; the bearer, along with Abraham her Husband of God s Promises. This analogy which Paul presents is of great significance, it shows what is of import to the Christian experience and endurance. Through chapters one to four there is a patterned advance, in which Paul addresses the distractions which came against the belief of the Galatians into following another Gospel. The 4th chapter high spots an analogy which is geared to gnaw the instructions of the Judaizers. There is a school of idea which hold that Paul does non give a right history of Bible because of the manner in which he uses this analogy ; grounds of this can be seen in the work of Tondo, who suggest that Paul was a false prophesier because he tried to invalidate the importance of the jurisprudence in his Sarah Hagar analogy. Another school nevertheless asserts that Paul s usage of this analogy is appropriate because it proves to the Galatians and Judaizers that the lone manner for them to be justified or made righteous is by the sacrificial decease of Christ on the cross. He does this by indicating his audience to the failing of the Law, comparing it to Hagar the slave miss. His statement meant that works or human attempt would non be sufficient to set world in right standing with God. This is seen in the manner he links two adult females and their boies. In Galatians 4:22-23 Paul focuses on the two boies and the two adult females or female parents associated with Abraham. Paul first introduces the boies non by their names, indicating to Bible by utilizing the word written in verse 22 to examine into or to foreground the insufficiencies of the Judaizers apprehension of Bible. This word written is merely to admit that it is stated in the Old Testament scriptures. Evidence of the usage of this word written , to intend the Law is besides seen in the ministry of Jesus Christ, Matthew 4:4. Paul goes farther to talk of one boy who is born of a slave adult female ; neither boy nor female parent s name being given. He so introduces another boy and female parent whose names are besides non mentioned. In this instance this female parent is acknowledged as a free adult female. When one speaks of slave it carries the thought of one non being in control of his or her life and is owned by person else. In this instance it can be implied that since the female parent is owned by person, the boy automatically is owned by the same individual. The slave adult female and her boy are contrasted with the free adult female and her boy. This portrays the free adult female and her boy as non being slaves or in bondage to anyone. Paul continues by indicating out the mode of birth of both boies. He foremost refers to the slave adult female s, boy s birth as ordinary. The idea which Paul seems to convey is that it did non necessitate a particular miracle in the birth of this boy, instead it was done out of human attempt and pick. Additionally, the Apostle purports that the free adult female s boy is as a consequence of a promise, which seems to bespeak that the lone ground that this free adult female gave birth to a boy is as a consequence of a promise or understanding and this promise was given by God. This can be substantiated by the Genesis history in chapter 21:1-2. Ridderbos cited in Boles noted that Isaac s birth was so unnatural it prompted some Judaic theologists to construe it as a virgin birth. Boles farther explained that Isaac s birth signifies the grace of God on the lives of those who are non able to utilize their attempt to carry through something desired. Paul now expounds on the analogy of the free adult female and the slave adult female. It is interesting that Paul uses these adult females to talk of two compacts. His attack is to contrast the Judaizers philosophy to that of freedom found in Jesus Christ. At this point it is of import to analyze the compacts that the Apostle references in verse 24 of Galatians 4. In analyzing these compacts it is indispensable that one understands what a compact is to better appreciate why the Apostle chose to show himself in this mode. Covenants by and large speak of particular understandings between two or several parties as cited by. Paul hence represents Hagar as the compact given at Mount Sinai which gives birth to kids who are to be slaves, Galatians 4:24. On nearing this poetry it seems that Paul is showing a false instruction by foregrounding Hagar s kids, seeing that she had one boy as reflected in Genesis 16:15. He farther remarks that Hagar speaks of Mount Sinai in Arabia which reflects the present metropolis of Jerusalem, because she is in bondage with her kids, Galatians 4:25. The Apostle s intervention of these poetries, 24-25 indicates that this compact which represents Hagar is the jurisprudence given at Mount Sinai and her kids are the people to whom it was given. This response to the Judaizers seems to propose that their reading of the Genesis history carried greater truth than they were cognizant of and that they could non maintain the jurisprudence absolutely therefore they tried to detect the ju risprudence by their attempts and in so making it would neer convey about redemption but like Abraham it is merely in God s boy, Abraham s seed Jesus Christ can one be made justified or declared Righteous by God. Paul references Mount Sinai in Arabia and the present metropolis of Jerusalem and her kids, which in this instance would be mentioning to the Judaizers, to be in bondage due to their disbelief in Jesus Christ entirely. These two poetries appear to intend the same thing it hence indicates the Paul uses them to emphasize his point. A contrasting position is so used in verse 26 of Galatians 4 to show a Jerusalem non the present metropolis of Jerusalem. Paul shows her as the one that is above to indicate out that she is at a higher degree than the present metropolis indicating that she is free or non in bondage and is our female parent, our mentioning to himself and the Galatians Christians. This taken into position would intend that the kids of Sarah would include everyone who is free, intending the Galatians who foremost accepted the Gospel of redemption which is found merely in Jesus Christ and by the credence or religion in this Gospel they are made free and declared righteous in the sight of God. Paul returns in poetry 28 by confirming his stance that Galatians Christians are in a better place than the Judaizers. He does this by placing them with Isaac as the kids of promise, non the posterities of Abraham who have non received Jesus as Lord of their lives. Paul so moves on to repeat his point in poetry 29 by showing a historical scene of Ishmael, who is non mentioned in this chapter, Genesis 21:8-10. Normally the first Born who in this instance was Ishmael, inherits from the male parent. However it did non use in this case because the promise was given entirely to Abraham and Sarah and hence could non be applied to Abraham and Hagar. The apostle equates the mocking or persecution of the Galatians to the unorthodoxy promoted by the Judaizers as similar to Ishmael and Isaac, in that the Galatians, like Isaac, were the rightful inheritors of the promise, therefore the statement of the Judaizers had no footing. Paul so sought to contextualize the jurisprudence that the Judaizers held on to by explicating the restrictions of the jurisprudence by doing a comparing between the free adult female and the bond adult female. He put the issue into perspective by clarifying that the bond adult female, like the jurisprudence dullard no relevancy to the dispensation of Grace, John 1:12-13 and 17. Consequently, Christ is presented as the lone manner that the Galatians Christians are free and called kids of freedom, Galatians 4:31. Decision In drumhead therefore, the chief subject of Paul s Hagar-Sarah analogy used by Apostle Paul in Galatians 4 is to rebut the philosophy of the Judaizers. He does this by foregrounding the cardinal failing of their place. Theirs was a philosophy of bondage his was one of freedom in and through Christ. His was reliable because it was rooted in the compact ; theirs was non. In order to drive place and seal his statement, Paul s historical and cultural allusion would non hold been lost on their readers, peculiarly the Judaizers who were legalizing their philosophy by mentioning to their Judaic heritage. Paul uses the really thing that they relied on to sabotage their place.

How Climate Change Is Affecting California Professor Ramos Blog

How Climate Change Is Affecting California Will Climate Change leave California a disintegrated, arid wasteland? What even is climate change in the first place? The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change states that climate change is simply ‘â€Å"any change in climate over time whether due to natural variability or as a result of human activity†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ in the article, What Is Climate Change? (Pielke Jr 31). Those who do not know very much about climate change will be granted a range of information specifically about California’s environment and how climate change is shifting it in many ways. Climate change is a very concerning topic for environmental scientists, but the concern shouldn’t be limited to them. This issue affects every Californian citizen, whether directly or indirectly. Climate change is a rather controversial subject because of the correlation between certain human activities and global warming, a type of climate change which has resulted in a slightly higher average worldwide te mperature in recent decades. An intimidating aspect of global warming that has already showed itself in recent times is a higher frequency of wildfires. Exploration of scientific journals and research explains how climate change is affecting California’s wildfire activity, weather patterns, and ecosystems. Through the evidence found, humans may better understand the role they play in the changing climate. According to the joint study by L. Mann and colleagues,  Incorporating Anthropogenic Influences into Fire Probability Models: Effects of Human Activity and Climate Change on Fire Activity in California, wildfire frequency is expected to increase with the changing climate in California (2). In order to support the data given in the article, the researchers use climate models, which are compiled calculations of future climate that use all potential effective factors to show the shifts in climate (2). However, even with these highly specialized forecasting projectors, wildfire frequency and location are still extremely difficult to predict (2). Human population growth in California and climate change variability lead to relatively no real way to extrapolate a wildfire. According to the same study, the majority of fires in the state are actually caused  by  people (2). An approximation of 95% of wildfires are instigated by people alone, which acts as evidence of the potential corre lation between population growth and increasing fire activity (L. Mann et al. 2). Climatic influences are still definitely present though. According to this same study, the number of wildfires is expected to grow with â€Å"increased spring and summer temperatures, early snowmelt, and decreased precipitation† (16). This is a valid prediction, as lower levels of rainfall cause a drier, more fire-prone landscape. From this study’s evidence and predictions, it can be concluded that both population growth and climate change are partially responsible for the increasing number of wildfires in California. To provide a broad idea of the future frequencies of wildfires, the authors state that â€Å"the total area burned in the state is estimated to increase from somewhere between +15 and 50%† which tells scientists that the state could potentially experience many more wildfires than normal (2). This article is useful because we can see some of the ways in which climate c hange is making predictability of wildfires more difficult for scientists. While wildfires are a hot topic in the climate change discussion, weather patterns are also crucial to this issue. What exactly does climate change mean for weather patterns in California? For California, it is all about temperature. According to the article, The Key Role of Heavy Precipitation Events in Climate Model Disagreements of Future Annual Precipitation Changes in California, the increasing temperatures in California are not necessarily causing a drop in the frequency of rain, but instead they are affecting the distribution (W. Pierce et al. 5880). Days with minimal rainfall are expected to decrease, while days of intense rainfall are projected to increase (W. Pierce et al. 5880). This increase in severely rainy days will mostly affect Northern California in the case of flooding and the damage it can cause (W. Pierce et al. 5885). Southern California is expected to have a slight decrease in the number of precipitation events, with a very small increase in intense precipitati on occurrences (W. Pierce et al. 5885). This means that overall, California will most likely experience less annual rainfall, but events of precipitation will be more intense at times (W. Pierce et al. 5885). From this information, it can be concluded that there is a strong possibility of more flooding in California, especially for the Northern side. It can also be concluded that there will indeed be more days with no precipitation. Turning to a different aspect of this subject of the climate warming, it is important to consider how ecosystems are adapting to this in California. According to the article by multiple authors, Predicting consequences of climate change for ecosystem functioning: variation across trophic levels, species and individuals, species’ reactions to rising temperatures vary. To test this, the members of this study conducted an experiment on three Californian marine species, A. Lacertosa (otherwise known as the sea flea), A. Sectimanus (a small crustacean), and   A. Angusta (another small crustacean). The experiment was conducted to observe potential effects that increased temperature had on these species’ biomass (overall mass of the species in the trial). Only one of the species, A. Lacertosa, had a dramatic increase in biomass with increasing temperatures. This experiment only accounts for a very small amount of marine life but it is important because it shows that temperat ure affects species in different ways. This was apparent later in the study when Ulva (otherwise known as sea lettuce) was negatively affected by temperature increase, as the A. Lacertosa’s dramatic population increase led to the Ulva being consumed faster than it could grow (J. Best et al.). According to the article, Adapting California’s Ecosystems to a Changing Climate, other ecosystems have different concerns, for instance, endangered desert species â€Å"such as the desert tortoise . . ., the desert bighorn sheep . . ., and the Mohave ground squirrel† are potentially even more at risk due to the warming climate and reduced precipitation (Chornesky et al. 252). While these species are a very small percentage of those effected by climate change, the danger that this issue presents for ecosystems is the dramatic altering that can occur. Ecosystems are important because they aid humans with â€Å"water storage and delivery, flood protection, nutrient cycling, carbon storage . . .,† and if they change, they may not be able to provide humans with those benefits (Chornesky et al. 247). Now that some of the effects of climate change have been discussed, data on human influence on California’s climate will be provided. The main type of climate change discussed so far has been global warming. This just so happens to be the main type of climate change that humans have influenced. To understand this, one must understand greenhouse gases, which are gases that allow the atmosphere to absorb and keep in heat. Greenhouse gases have always been around, Earth wouldn’t even be habitable without them, but they can have some negative effects when excessive amounts are in the atmosphere. The use of fossil fuels, which release greenhouse gases, as an energy source originally became widespread during the industrial revolution. That trend is still in play and continues to allow the emission of these gases into the atmosphere. This accumulation of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide and chlorofluorocarbons in the atmosphere is one of the causes of the increased aver age worldwide temperature. As mentioned before, greenhouse gases allow the absorption and containment of heat in the atmosphere. To back this up, Dr. Mark Trexler states in the article, Prospects for Future Climate Change and the Reasons for Early Action, that many â€Å"human activities contribute to the GHG emissions that are linked to global climate change† (Edgerton et al. 1393). To clarify, GHG stands for ‘greenhouse gas,’ and Trexler is saying that a lot of daily activities require energy that produces greenhouse gases which contribute to climate change both worldwide and in California. This should be a concern for all Californians because this is something for which nearly all citizens of the state are partially responsible. There are various ways in which climate change has affected various environmental subjects such as the adapting of ecosystems, shifting weather patterns, and the increasing frequency of wildfires. These data should be useful for ordinary Californian citizens who aren’t familiar with climate change. A brief idea was given of how wildfires are becoming more frequent with the warming California’s climate and human population growth, but predictability of these events is limited (L. Mann et al. 2). Ecosystems are affected by the rising temperatures differently, some are thriving and even overproducing, while others struggle (J. Best et al.). The weather itself is changing in California, people can expect less rainy days, but when it does rain, it might be quite a drenching (W. Pierce et al. 5885). The factor of human influence on the climate has been backed by a scientific article, so from that it can be concluded that humans are partially responsible for the climate change we are experiencing today, mainly global warming (Edgerton et al. 1393). The climate change discussion an is important one, and we need to keep it going. While not all consequences of this phenomenon are negative, there are some serious factors to consider, like global warming. In the article, Prospects for Future Climate Change and the Reasons for Early Action, Dr. Alberto Ayala contends that, â€Å"Continued warming is inevitable, but the world needs to greatly reduce its GHG emissions to avoid catastrophic effects on many sectors of the California economy. These effects include increases in the number of extreme heat days by up to a factor of 10 by the end of the century. Climate change will also make meeting our goals to improve air quality much more difficult to achieve† (Edgerton et al. 1391). By this he means that there is a potential danger to the rising temperature, and humans have the power to prevent a potentially disastrous future by simply reducing emissions of greenhouse gases. Annotated Bibliography: Best, Rebecca J., et al. â€Å"Predicting Consequences of Climate Change for Ecosystem                    Functioning: Variation across Trophic Levels, Species and Individuals.†Ã‚  Diversity         Distributions, vol. 21, no. 12, Dec. 2015, pp. 1364–1374.  EBSCOhost, doi:10.1111/ddi.12367.   http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=truedb=a9hAN=110641619site=ehost- live This article is a brief summary of experimental data from trials involving certain     marine animals. The aim of the experiment was to determine how rising temperature     has an     effect on various species. I am using this source to provide data on how global     warming     has an effect on ecosystems. The study was conducted by Bodega Marine     Laboratory      Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of California, Davis CA,     so I assume it     is credible, it is also peer reviewed and scholarly. 2. Chornesky, Elizabeth A., et al. â€Å"Adapting California’s Ecosystems to a Changing     Climate.†Ã‚  BioScience, vol. 65, no. 3, Mar. 2015, pp. 247–262.  EBSCOhost,     search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=truedb=a9hAN=101371938site=ehost-live. This article is about climate change and its role in changing ecosystems. Also discussed     in this article is how humans are acting to protect certain ecosystems from being     altered in a negative manner. I am using this article to discuss a few more species that     are affected by climate change. This article had numerous authors, all of which having     affiliations with environmental departments, so I assume it is credible. Also, this is a     scholarly, peer reviewed article. 3. Edgerton, Sylvia A., et al. â€Å"Prospects for Future Climate Change and the Reasons for     Early Action.†Ã‚  Journal of the Air Waste Management Association (Air Waste     Management Association), vol. 58, no. 11, Nov. 2008, pp. 1386–1400.  EBSCOhost,     doi:10.3155/1047-3289.58.11.1386. http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?     direct=truedb=a9hAN=35128410site=ehost-live This article compiles the comments of multiple environmental experts.   Future     implications of climate change and human impacts on climate are discussed. I am using     this article to add credibility to statements made in my paper and to explain how     humans have influenced the climate. The authors are from various Universities,     institutes, and environmental departments, so I assume they are credible. This also a     peer reviewed, scholarly article. 4. Mann, Michael L., et al. â€Å"Incorporating Anthropogenic Influences into Fire Probability     Models: Effects of Human Activity and Climate Change on Fire Activity in     California.†Ã‚  Plos One, vol. 11, no. 4, Apr. 2016, p. e0153589.  EBSCOhost,     doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0153589. http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?     direct=truedb=cmedmAN=27124597site=ehost-live This article discusses in great detail the fact that climate change is not the only influence     on increased fire activity. This source brings to light the fact that humans are the     ignitors of most fires in the state of California. I am using this source to give evidence of     climate change being a partial cause of the increasing intensity of wildfires, while also     taking into account human influence as well. The numerous authors are associated with     various environmental departments, so I assume it is credible. This article is also     scholarly and peer reviewed. 5. Pielke Jr., Roger A. â€Å"What Is Climate Change?†Ã‚  Issues in Science Technology, vol. 20, no.     4, Summer 2004, pp. 31-34. EBSCOhost, search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?        direct=truedb=a9hAN=13872536site=ehost-live. This article uses several definitions of climate change formulated by scientific     departments to give the reader an idea of what climate change is. Also discussed in this     article is the fact that scientist sometimes have differing views on how to define climate     change. I am using this article simply to define my topic of climate change. The author     is the Director of the Center for Science and Technology Policy Research, University of     Colorado in Boulder, Colorado, so I assume he is credible. This is also a peer reviewed,     scholarly article. 6. Pierce, David W., et al. â€Å"The Key Role of Heavy Precipitation Events in Climate Model     Disagreements of Future Annual Precipitation Changes in California.†Ã‚  Journal of     Climate, vol. 26, no. 16, Aug. 2013, pp. 5879–5896.  EBSCOhost, doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-12-     00766.1. http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?     direct=truedb=a9hAN=89587578site=ehost-live This article discusses the future rates and intensities of precipitation in California.     Climate models are used and explain that there will probably be more dry days in the     future, but rainy days might be more intense. I am using this article to explain the     influences that climate change has in weather patterns in California.   The various     authors are all associated with Universities of California, with one exception being from     the California Energy Commission, Sacramento, so I assume this is a credible source.     This is also a peer reviewed, scholarly article. Photo Credits: Link to Desert Picture: https://fthmb.tqn. com/-uyXvH1810Tm8QUPeT33ebdFa48=/9600/filters:no_upscale()/joshua-tree-national-park-california-us-530056063-582c96423df78c6f6a5fbaf7.jpg Link to Car picture: https://pixel.nymag.com/imgs/daily/intelligencer/2018/03/30/30-car-emissions-pollution-epa.w710.h473.jpg Link to Raining/Flooding Picture: floodflaps.com/†¦loads/creative-rain_0.jpg Link to Wildfire Picture: s.hswstatic.com/†¦/wildfire-widescreen-a.jpg

How does the promotion strategy effect the customer purchase Dissertation

How does the promotion strategy effect the customer purchase - Dissertation Example This was a qualitative study based on primary data collection through questionnaire. The objectives of the study have been achieved. The study finds that advertising has a long-term orientation while other elements of the promotion mix, such as sales promotion, publicity and interactive promotions have an immediate impact resulting in consumer purchase. Sales promotion initiatives such as free offers and coupons tend to draw consumers instantly. Online marketing through social media platforms fetch tremendous publicity. These build awareness which, with further constant promotions can give rise to interest and desire to purchase the brand. Thus, promotions first create a brand perception on the minds of the consumers and then gradually turn them into consumers. However, there cannot be a set strategy applicable to all companies or products and services. The study concludes by highlighting the limitations and making recommendations for further research on the subject. Table of Content s Chapter I Introduction 1.1 Background 1 1.2 Purpose of the Study 3 1.3 Research Aims & Objectives 4 1.4 Research Question 4 1.5 Structure of the Study 4 Chapter II Literature Review 2.1 Definition of Promotion Strategy 6 2.2 Importance 7 2.3 Successful Promotion Strategy 8 2.4 Other effect on Customer Purchase 9 2.5 Relationship between promotion strategy and customer purchase 10 2.6 Conclusion 11 Chapter III Methodology 3.1 Research Philosophy 12 3.2 Research Approach 12 3.3 Research Design 13 3.4 Data Collection 15 3.5 Data Analysis 16 3.6 Validity & Reliability 16 3.7 Ethical Considerations 17 Chapter IV Findings and Discussions 4.1 Chapter Overview 19 4.2 Findings 19 4.3 Discussions 27 Chapter V Conclusion and Recommendations 5.1 Conclusion 33 5.2 Limitations 35 5.3 Recommendation for further research on the subject 35 Reference 37 Appendix 40 Charts & Tables Chart 4.1 Do you play League of Legends? 19 Chart 4.2 How often do you play LoL? 20 Chart 4.3 LoL is better than Defens e of The Ancients 21 Chart 4.4 IPL 5 is better than LoL 2012 21 Chart 4.5 Fan of Facebook page of LoL 22 Chart 4.6 Reasons for watching LoL 2012 (season 2) 23 Chart 4.7 Option to buy Riot Points 24 Chart 4.8 Riot Points or Play up the Levels 24 Chart 4.9 Reasons for buying the Riot Points 25 Chart 4.10 Play only with Free Riot Points 25 Chart 4.11 Attraction of New Champion Skins 26 Chart 4.12 Source of LoL Costume 26 Chart 4.13 Use of Costume 27 Chapter I Introduction 1.1 Background An effective marketing strategy is based on identification of the target audience and then identifying means to influence this target segment. Marketers usually build upon existing standard strategies adopted by others. However, standard strategy such as celebrity endorsement is no more sufficient to entice the customer. Consumers today can choose where, when and how they engage with a brand and they prefer to do so online (Launchfire Interactive, 2008). They respect innovative marketing programs that v alue their customers as partners, and that rewards them for their interest and engagement. This consumer demand and consumer consciousness has resulted in the emergence of a new marketing mix element – interactive promotions. Launchfire Interactive cites of a study by Borrell Associates which forecast that expenditure on interactive promo

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Facilitating Change in Health and Social Care - Assignment Example The researcher therefore focuses at the main factors that drive change in the health sector through cross-examining CQC’s report on Royal United Hospital Bath. Discussing a number of key factors driving change in the health as well as social services through examining strengths, weaknesses as well as opportunities and threats, therefore, remains essential. Strengths relate to organizational aspects that include resources, both physical and financial, expertise staff and other internal factors of an organization. Through identification of opportunities from the external environment that rhyme with the internal capabilities, organizations capitalize on the strengths. Weaknesses on the other hand amount to deficiencies arising from incompetent resources of an organization (Whitten, 2009, pg. 117). Poor services or bad reputation of an organization serves as the major weaknesses within an organization setup. Leaders and managers, therefore, need to work on correcting those weaknesses that reduce organizations effectiveness as well as damaging the organization. Opportunities arise from external environment changes. Changes in government policie s or technology fall under that category. Organizations take advantage of presented opportunities in order to grow current services. Threats, on the other hand, relate to external factors presenting risks to the organization. Change of government policies and technological changes forms the major risks that face existing organizations. Examining the weaknesses and threats posed by these factors will enhance responsible institutions to develop achievable strategies to cope with these challenges. The first factor relates to Legislation. Legislation relates to government programs that involve funding and the NHS as the major body entrusted with controlling the health and social services sector. Government control of the health sector remains an

The Importance of Study Skills Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Importance of Study Skills - Essay Example mber anything at school not because they are lack of abilities but because they dont know how to concentrate on the information that they need to learn. Second of all, it is important to be able to remember what you concentrate on, so mnemonic is also a basic study skill. It allows a student to learn information the way that it will remain in the students brain for a long period of time. The skill is important because it creates a certain database in students mind, which develops his critical thinking and erudition. Hence, ability to concentrate and mnemonic are the most effective study skills required for all students. However, in order to be able to perceive information properly, a pupil has to be capable of collecting the most important core points from what he or she listens and reads, so effective taking of notes is also a very useful study skill. Note taking allows a student to focus on the most crucial aspects of each topic and subjects that he perceives during lessons and outside the classroom. Moreover, it is important for students to take notes in order to be able to remind themselves the main points of the learned material whenever he needs it after lessons. Also, effective reading is the skill that maintains efficient learning and helps a student to remember information for a longer period of time. Furthermore, effective reading skills are absolutely useful in any kinds of learning activities, as most of the activities require reading. Being able to read huge amounts of texts and perceive its meaning properly is going to be convenient not only within the classroom but also in life in general. Hence, study skills are very important not only for studying process and getting good grades, but for multiple activities outside the classroom, including successful studying in future professional

Book Review on Jacob Riis' How the Other Half Lives Essay

Book Review on Jacob Riis' How the Other Half Lives - Essay Example He strongly believed that the upper society can make a strong impact to the lives of these impoverished people and that it was only possible through their support and contribution that the slums of New York could change shape and the people living there could be provided with the basic amenities of life. At the time when this book was written, camera with the flash technology were newly invented, therefore, Jacob A. Riis equipped his book with pictures of the slums because he felt that only words would not have the due impact which the pictures accompanying them would. The book talks about life in tenements. The tenements which were particularly what the author of the book hated about the life that he lived in the slums. In the following quotation from the book the author expresses his reasoning behind the animosity he held against the tenements; â€Å"In the tenements all the influences make for evil; because they are the hot-beds of the epidemics that carry death to rich and poor alike; nurseries of pauperism and crime that fill our jails and police courts†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Riis, 1890). The former statement shows what the author felt about the slums, he felt that the slums were where the crime began, where diseases started from and a breeding ground for many of the vices that existed in the country. The language used in the novel reflects the fact that it was written in the late nineteenth century, the author needs to be given credit for portraying the dialect of many of the minority groups living in the slums of New York with such perfection that while reading the book one feels that one is actually hearing the people of the slums talk instead of just reading. Moreover, the use of imagery is extremely impactful; one’s imagination can instantly picture the landscape and smell the different types of smells that the author has described in the book. The unhygienic feel gets so vivid n one’s memory that one actually feels appalled at the harsh realit ies of this world and the stark contrast that exists in the living standards of the people living not only in the same country but also in the same city. However, the difficulty with reading the book is that some of the sentences and paragraphs are so long that the author starts by talking about a particular thing and stretches it so much that by the time the paragraph ends he is talking about a different thing which makes it difficult for the reader to keep track of the stated facts. A very central point that has been stressed a lot in the book is that people of different nationalities come and settle in the tenements. These people as stated by the author make their way into metropolitans in search for a chance to make an impact on their lives and those of their families. The author states that if we try to compare the poor Americans to people of other nationalities who come to New York in order to earn and make their lives better, the foreigners make stronger progress in terms of work and careers because they come in search of opportunities and are quick to grab them whenever possible, as opposed to the Americans who would rather wait for the opportunity to come to them as expressed by the following quotation from the novel; â€Å"The poorest immigrant comes here with the purpose and ambition to better himself and, given half a chance, might be reasonably expected to make the most of it†

Ban Advertising that Preys upon Children Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Ban Advertising that Preys upon Children - Essay Example An expert on marketing to children, Professor James U. McNeal, stated that, "Virtually every consumer-goods industry, from airlines to zinnia-seed sellers, targets kids." Parents and school administrators alike find it improbable to control such influences that bear upon the children. Ironically, some advertisers exploit the children's weaknesses to make them want and eventually buy products. For instance, the President of the Shalek Agency, Nancy Shalek told the Los Angeles Times that "Advertising at its best is making people feel that without their product, you're a loser. Kids are very sensitive to that. If you tell them to buy something, they are resistant. But if you tell them that they'll be a dork if they don't, you've got their attention. You open up emotional vulnerabilities and it's very easy to do with kids because they're the most emotionally vulnerable." (Harris) Oliver James a psychologist stated in The Economic Times that UK is filled with "Affluneza-afflicted consumers [ready] for marketers to play on their [ever-present] desire to constantly compare themselves negatively with others." The "Affluenza" virus is said to be a form of 'sickness' that is greatly caused by materialism. A result of this illness would be depression, anxiety, substance abuse, and personal disorder. Those who are afflicted by this virus watch more television, and are more likely to be dissatisfied with their lives than those who seldom watch. When asked to compare their lives with those they see on the television, they view themselves negatively and inferior compared to these characters. As an example, schoolchildren who compare their own performances in school to the best and brightest pupils they see on television. Without proper adult guidance, these children will develop inferiority that may affect their social skills. Another factor why corporations prey on our children is because of the fact the children can nag, and Cheryl Idell knows a lot about nagging. She has written reports for major companies as read in such articles, "The Art of Fine Nagging" and "Nag Factor". Idell said that nagging can cause frequent buying activities of children's products such as clothing, toys, and video games; or entirely affect the family's diet because of regular trips to fast-food restaurants. She explains further that there are two categories to where nagging falls into. "There is persistent nagging, the fall-on-the-floor kind, and there is important nagging, where a kid can talk about it." (Schoolman) Idell advises numerous corporations that getting kids to whine is better, even better when they can be given "a specific reason to ask for the product." To most ways, it appears as if her task is to make lives miserable since she rates the success of a product to how a child can nag and temptingly ask for it. Some of the most successful companies that belong to the top of this list are McDonald's, Burger King, OshKosh, Disney, and Pizza Hut. (Western Initiative Media World Wide Web) There has been a huge shift in the way